| Yichang 宜昌 |
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| — Prefecture-level city — | |
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宜昌市
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 Yichang
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| Coordinates: 30°43′N 111°17′E / 30.717°N 111.283°ECoordinates: 30°43′N 111°17′E / 30.717°N 111.283°E | |
| Country | People's Republic of China |
| Province | Hubei |
| Municipal seat | Xiling District |
| Government | |
| • CPC Party Secretary | Guo Youming |
| • Mayor | Li Lecheng |
| Area | |
| • Prefecture-level city | 21,227 km2 (8,196 sq mi) |
| • Urban | 828 km2 (320 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 58 m (191 ft) |
| Highest elevation | 2,427 m (7,963 ft) |
| Lowest elevation | 35 m (115 ft) |
| Population (2008) | |
| • Prefecture-level city | 4,039,000 |
| • Density | 190/km2 (490/sq mi) |
| • Urban | 1,330,000 |
| • Urban density | 1,600/km2 (4,200/sq mi) |
| Time zone | China Standard (UTC+8) |
| Postal codes | 443000 |
| Area code(s) | 0717 |
| ISO-3166 | cn-42-05 |
| Website | http://en.yichang.gov.cn/ |
| Yichang | |||||||
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| Chinese | 宜昌 | ||||||
| Postal Map | Ichang | ||||||
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Yichang (Chinese: 宜昌) is a prefecture-level city located in western Hubei province, People's Republic of China. It is the second largest city in the province after the capital, Wuhan. The Three Gorges Dam is located within its administrative area, in Yiling District.[1]
Contents |
History [edit]
In ancient times Yichang was known as Yiling. There are historical records telling that in the year 278 BC during the Warring States period, the Qin general Bai Qi set fire to Yiling. In 222 AD Yichang was also the site of the Battle of Yiling during the Three Kingdoms Period.
Under the Qing Guangxu Emperor, Yichang was opened to foreign trade as a trading port after Qing and Great Britain signed Chefoo Convention, which was signed by Sir Thomas Wade and Li Hongzhang in Chefoo on 21 August 1876. The imperial government set up a navigation company there and built wharfs less than 0.5 kilometres (0.31 mi) in length. Since 1949, more than 50 wharves have been constructed at the port so that its wharf area is now over 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) long.
In 1940, during the Second Sino-Japanese War, the Battle of Zaoyang-Yichang took place in the area.
Administrative divisions [edit]
Administratively, it is a prefecture-level city; its municipal government has jurisdiction over five counties, five urban districts, and three satellite county-level cities (Yidu, Dangyang, Zhijiang).
- Xiling District (西陵区) - includes the city center
- Wujiagang District (伍家岗区) - southeastern parts of the urban area, and suburbs
- Dianjun District (点军区) - the part of the urban area southwest of the Changjiang (across from the city center), and suburbs
- Xiaoting District (猇亭区)
- Yiling District (夷陵区) - northern part of the urban area, and suburbs
- Zhijiang City (枝江市)
- Yidu City (宜都市)
- Dangyang City (当阳市)
- Yuan'an County (远安县)
- Xingshan County (兴山县)
- Zigui County (秭归县) - a county whose country seat (Maoping Zhen) is some 50 kilometres (31 mi) west of Yichang center city, next to the Three Gorges Dam
- Changyang Tujia Autonomous County (长阳土家族自治县)
- Wufeng Tujia Autonomous County (五峰土家族自治县)
Geography [edit]
Like most prefecture-level cities, Yichang includes both an urban area (what's labeled on less detailed maps as "Yichang") and the surrounding country area. It covers 21,084 square kilometres (8,141 sq mi) in Western Hubei Province, on both sides of the Yangtze River. The Xiling Gorge (西陵峡), the easternmost of the Three Gorges on the Yangtze, is located within the prefecture-level city.
Within the prefecture-level city of Yichang, the Yangtze is joined by a number of tributaries, including the Qing River (right), Xiang Xi and Huangbo Rivers (left).
The central urban area of Yichang is split between several districts. On the right (northeastern) bank of the Yangtze are located Xiling District (where the city center is located), Yiling District (neighborhoods north of the center) and Wujiagang District (southern area). The city area on the opposite (southeastern) bank of the river is included into Dianjun District. All these districts, with the exception of the central Xiling, also include a fair amount of suburban/rural area outside of the city urban core.
Climate [edit]
Yichang has a four-season, monsoon-influenced, humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cwa), with cool, damp and generally overcast winters, and hot, humid summers. Monthly mean temperatures range from 4.9 °C (40.8 °F) in January to 27.7 °C (81.9 °F) in July, with an annual mean of 16.9 °C (62.4 °F). Sunshine is a bit on the low end, with winter being the cloudiest season, yet rainfall is concentrated from May to September.
| Climate data for Yichang (normals 1971−2000, extremes 1961−2000) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 21.0 (69.8) |
25.4 (77.7) |
31.0 (87.8) |
35.7 (96.3) |
38.0 (100.4) |
39.9 (103.8) |
40.7 (105.3) |
41.4 (106.5) |
39.2 (102.6) |
34.4 (93.9) |
29.8 (85.6) |
23.8 (74.8) |
41.4 (106.5) |
| Average high °C (°F) | 8.6 (47.5) |
10.7 (51.3) |
15.1 (59.2) |
22.0 (71.6) |
26.6 (79.9) |
29.7 (85.5) |
32.3 (90.1) |
32.2 (90) |
27.8 (82) |
22.6 (72.7) |
16.7 (62.1) |
11.2 (52.2) |
21.3 (70.3) |
| Average low °C (°F) | 2.0 (35.6) |
3.6 (38.5) |
7.4 (45.3) |
13.3 (55.9) |
17.8 (64) |
21.5 (70.7) |
24.1 (75.4) |
23.9 (75) |
19.8 (67.6) |
14.6 (58.3) |
9.2 (48.6) |
4.1 (39.4) |
13.4 (56.1) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −9.8 (14.4) |
−4.4 (24.1) |
−0.5 (31.1) |
0.4 (32.7) |
10.2 (50.4) |
14.7 (58.5) |
18.4 (65.1) |
17.9 (64.2) |
11.4 (52.5) |
3.7 (38.7) |
−0.9 (30.4) |
−5.3 (22.5) |
−9.8 (14.4) |
| Precipitation mm (inches) | 22.6 (0.89) |
30.5 (1.201) |
58.4 (2.299) |
86.2 (3.394) |
129.7 (5.106) |
148.0 (5.827) |
216.3 (8.516) |
173.8 (6.843) |
123.0 (4.843) |
85.0 (3.346) |
46.8 (1.843) |
17.6 (0.693) |
1,137.9 (44.801) |
| Avg. precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 7.5 | 8.7 | 12.2 | 12.9 | 13.5 | 14.1 | 15.1 | 13.1 | 11.4 | 11.4 | 8.6 | 6.9 | 135.4 |
| % humidity | 74 | 72 | 74 | 74 | 74 | 77 | 80 | 78 | 76 | 75 | 74 | 73 | 75.1 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 77.0 | 78.9 | 96.8 | 133.2 | 154.1 | 153.0 | 186.2 | 201.3 | 143.6 | 132.6 | 113.6 | 97.2 | 1,567.5 |
| Source: China Meteorological Administration [2] | |||||||||||||
Transport [edit]
By Plane [edit]
Yichang Sanxia Airport is located in the Xiaoting District of Yichang City, 26 km (16 mi) away from the city center and 55 km (34 mi) from the Three Gorges Dam site. The airport [1] is conveniently located, which borders Yihuang Highway in the north, Long River Golden Waterway in the south and Jiaozhi Railway in the east.
Roads and bridges [edit]
- China National Highway 318 runs east-west through most of the prefecture-level city, south of the center city
- China National Highway 209 passes through the northwestern corner of the prefecture-level city (Xingshan County)
Several provincial highways connect Yichang center city with most counties.
Several bridges span the Yangtze River within the prefecture-level city of Yichang, including (upstream to downstream):
- Xiling Bridge, connecting Letianxi and Sandouping in Yiling District, a few km downstream from the Three Gorges Dam.
- Yiling Bridge, downtown Yichang (a few km downstream from the Gezhouba Dam). It connects the urban Xiling and Dianjun Districts.
- Yichang Yangtze Highway Bridge, on the Hu-Rong Expressway, downstream of Yichang center city
A railway bridge has been constructed downstream of downtown for the new Yiwan Railway. (As of April 2010[update], Google Maps' satellite view shows a bridge still under construction at 30°39′12″N 111°19′20″E / 30.65333°N 111.32222°E; however, those photos may be many months out of date).
There are several ferry crossings as well.
Waterways [edit]
Yichang is an important river port on the Yangtze river. Maoping Town (the county seat of Zigui County), has an active passenger wharf as well.
The Qing River in the southern part of the prefecture, with its cascade of dams, is an important waterway as well.
Railway [edit]
Yichang is served by several railway lines.
Yichang Railway Station, located in downtown Yichang, opened in 1971, was the city's first railway station. In 2012 it closed for a renovation project.[3]
The Yichang East Railway Station, opened in the late 2010 in the eastern suburbs of Yichang, is presently the city's main train station. It is the junction point of two segments of the Shanghai-Wuhan-Chengdu Passenger Dedicated Line, one of China's new east-west rail mainlines. To the east, the Hanyi Railway[4] (opened June 29, 2012) provides frequent service to Wuhan, with some trains continuing to Nanjing and Shanghai. To the west, the Yiwan Railway (Yichang-Wanzhou; opened December 2010) serves as the gateway to Hubei's southwestern panhandle (Enshi), with some service continuing to Chongqing and Chengdu.
The Jiaozuo–Liuzhou Railway, a north-south line, crosses the eastern part of the prefecture-level city. It crosses the Yangtze at Zhicheng in Yidu County-level City.
Demographics [edit]
Yichang has a population of 4,150,000 with urban population of 1,338,000.[5] Yichang prefecture-level city, is home to many members of the Tujia ethnic group, who mostly live in several counties in the south-west of the prefecture.
Yichang also formed the border between the cultures of Ba in the west (an ancient state in the eastern part of what is now Sichuan Province) and the Chu State in the east (an ancient state in what is now Hubei Province and northern Hunan Province).
Education [edit]
Since 2002, Yichang City has been home of the China Three Gorges University (the result of the merger of the University of Hydraulic & Electric Engineering, Yichang and of Hubei Sanxia University), the largest comprehensive university in Hubei Province outside Wuhan, with over 20,400 full-time students.
- China Three Gorges University
- Three Gorges Vocational College of Electric Power
Economy [edit]
Yichang has long been a major transit port and distribution center of goods, and serves as the economic hub of western Hubei province and an intermediary between the major cities of Chongqing and Wuhan. Its primary industries are shipping and shipbuilding, taking advantage of its location on the Yangtze River.
Yichang prefecture is the site of many major hydroelectricity projects. The best known of them are the two huge dams on the Yangtze River: the Gezhouba Dam (located just upstream of Yichang central city) and Three Gorges Dam, which is 40 kilometres (25 mi) upstream. The Geheyan Dam and Gaobazhou Dam on the Qing River are important as well. Besides those, a huge number of medium-sized and small power plants operate on smaller rivers and streams within the prefecture.
Twin towns — Sister cities [edit]
Yichang is twinned with:
Metz, France, since 1991
Foz do Iguaçu, Brazil, since 2006
References [edit]
- ^ Yichang Information
- ^ "中国地面国际交换站气候标准值月值数据集（1971－2000年）" (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 2010-05-04.
- ^ 3个月后宜昌火车站可进出动车 低站台改造成高站台.
- ^ Construction of Hanyi Railway to Kick off, Wuhan City Government web site, 2008-07-10
- ^ "History of Yichang" (in Chinese). Official website of Yichang Government. 2007-09-19. Archived from the original on 2008-04-21. Retrieved 2008-06-06.
External links [edit]
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Yichang |
- Official website of Yichang Government (Chinese)
- Official website of Yichang Government - English version
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Administrative map [edit]
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