William Paca
3rd Governor of Maryland
In office November 22, 1782 – November 26, 1785
Preceded by	Thomas Sim Lee
Succeeded by	William Smallwood
Maryland State Senator
In office 1777–1779
Maryland Delegate to the Continental Congress
In office 1774–1779
Judge of the United States Court for Maryland
In office 1788–1799
Personal details
Born	(1740-10-31)October 31, 1740 Baltimore County, Maryland (later: Harford County, Maryland)
Died	October 23, 1799(1799-10-23) (aged 58) Queen Anne's County, Maryland
Signature

William Paca (October 31, 1740 – October 23, 1799) was a signatory to the United States Declaration of Independence as a representative of Maryland, and later Governor of Maryland and a United States federal judge.

Early life[edit]

William Paca was born in Abingdon, in what was then Baltimore County (Abingdon was later included in Harford County when that county was formed from Baltimore County in 1773), in the British colony of Maryland.^[1] He was the child of John Paca (c. 1712 – 1785), a wealthy planter in the area, and his wife Elizabeth Smith (?-c. 1766).^[2] He was the second son of the family, after his elder brother Aquila, and had five sisters.^[3] The brothers entered school at the Philadelphia Academy and Charity School in 1752, and the younger Paca went on to attend the The College of Philadelphia (now merged into and known as the University of Pennsylvania), graduating in 1759 with a bachelor of arts degree.^[2] He was also to receive a master of arts degree from the College in 1762, though this required no further study, only that Paca request it and be in good standing.^[3]

After graduating from college, Paca returned to Maryland, reading law in the colonial capital of Annapolis under the tutelage of a local lawyer named Stephen Bordley.^[2] By 1761, he was licensed to practice law, and in 1764 was admitted to the provincial bar, having stayed in Annapolis to establish his practice.^[2] Professional success was mingled with personal success, as the previous year he had courted Mary Chew,^[4] the daughter of a prominent Maryland planter, and they were married on May 26, 1763. They would go on to have three children, though only their son John Philemon survived into adulthood.^[3]

Political career[edit]

Among the other young lawyers in Annapolis at the time was Samuel Chase, who would become a close friend and political colleague of Paca.^[2] Together, Paca and Chase led local opposition to the British Stamp Act of 1765 and established the Anne Arundel County chapter of the Sons of Liberty.^[2]

Paca was elected to the Maryland legislature in 1771 and appointed to the Continental Congress in 1774. He was reelected, serving until 1779, when he became chief justice of the state of Maryland. In 1782 he was elected governor of Maryland. On December 22, 1789, Paca received a recess appointment from President George Washington to a seat on the newly created United States District Court for the District of Maryland, created by 1 Stat. 73. Formally nominated on February 8, 1790, he was confirmed by the United States Senate on February 10, 1790, and received his commission the same day, serving as such until his death.

William Paca died in 1799 at his estate of Wye Hall in Queen Anne's County, Maryland and was buried in the family cemetery there. His obituaries report he died on Oct. 13, 1799, so the date of Oct. 23, 1799, reported above is most likely in error. See: Federal Gazette (Baltimore, MD), Oct. 16, 1799 Daily Advertiser (New York, NY), Oct. 21, 1799 Centinel of Liberty (Georgetown, DC), Oct. 22, 1789 New-York Gazette (New York, NY), Oct. 22, 1799

Legacy[edit]

In Maryland, three elementary schools are named for him: one is in Landover, one is in Baltimore city (#83) and the other in his home town of Abingdon. Street in Baltimore bears his name as does a dormitory on the campus of St. John's College in Annapolis as well as one on the campus of Towson University. Outside of Maryland, Middle School in Mastic Beach, New York; and P.S. 155 School in New York City are also named after him. In August 2008 the House was added as a new residence hall in Towson University.

His Annapolis home, the House and Garden, was added to the National Register of Historic Places and designated a National Historic Landmark in 1971.^[5]

Ancestry[edit]

Paca has been described as being of Italian ancestry.^{[6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13]}

According to Stanley South, "[t]he rumor that the name was Italian came from a remark made in 1911 by James Cardinal Gibbons of Baltimore, who commented that he thought a relationship existed between Paca and the Italian family Pecci".^[14] In a July 18, 1937, letter to the New York Times, a self-described descendant of Paca claims:

The ancestors of William Paca were of Italian and English origin. The name is said to have originally been spelled Pacci [sic].

However, in an interview with Giovanni Schiavo, the letter writer apparently attributed the suggestion that the name was Pecci to Cardinal Gibbons.^[15] Schiavo also reports that Paca mentioned Pope Leo XIII (1879–1903), whose surname was Pecci, during the interview.^[15] Stiverson and Jacobsen report that spellings of the surname of William Paca's immigrant ancestor Robert include Peaker, Pecker, Peaca, Peca, and Paka.^[16] Neither "Pecci" nor "Pacci" (nor "Pacca") are attested.

See also[edit]

• Colonial families of Maryland

Notes[edit]

he died Set.23 2011

References[edit]

• "Chase, Samuel (1741–1811)". Maryland Online Encyclopedia (MdOE). Maryland Online Encyclopedia, a joint project of the Maryland Historical Society, the Maryland Humanities Council, the Enoch Pratt Free Library, and the Maryland State Department of Education. 2005. Retrieved 2008-01-25. 

External links[edit]

• William Paca at the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress
• William Paca at the Biographical Directory of Federal Judges, a public domain publication of the Federal Judicial Center.
• William Paca at Find a Grave
• Biography by Rev. Charles A. Goodrich, 1856
• Oswald Tilghman, Samuel Alexander Harrison (1915). History of Talbot County, Maryland, 1661-1861. Williams & Wilkins company. pp. 550–555. 
• Paca, William (1740–1799), Maryland Online Encyclopedia, Maryland State Department of Education

v t e Signers of the United States Declaration of Independence J. Adams S. Adams Bartlett Braxton Carroll Chase Clark Clymer Ellery Floyd Franklin Gerry Gwinnett Hall Hancock Harrison Hart Hewes Heyward Hooper Hopkins Hopkinson Huntington Jefferson F. Lee R. Lee Lewis Livingston Lynch McKean Middleton L. Morris R. Morris Morton Nelson Paca Paine Penn Read Rodney Ross Rush Rutledge Sherman Smith Stockton Stone Taylor Thornton Walton Whipple Williams Wilson Witherspoon Wolcott Wythe