Voiced bilabial stop
b
IPA number	102
Encoding
Entity (decimal)	b
Unicode (hex)	U+0062
X-SAMPA	b
Kirshenbaum	b
Braille
Sound

The voiced bilabial stop is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ⟨b⟩, and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is b. The voiced bilabial stop occurs in English, and it is the sound denoted by the letter ⟨b⟩ in boy. Many Indian languages, such as Hindi, have a two-way contrast between breathy voiced /bʱ/ and plain /b/.

Features [edit]

Features of the voiced bilabial stop:

• Its manner of articulation is occlusive, which means it is produced by obstructing airflow in the vocal tract. Since the consonant is also oral, with no nasal outlet, the airflow is blocked entirely, and the consonant is a stop.
• Its place of articulation is bilabial, which means it is articulated with both lips.
• Its phonation is voiced, which means the vocal cords vibrate during the articulation.
• It is an oral consonant, which means air is allowed to escape through the mouth only.
• Because the sound is not produced with airflow over the tongue, the central–lateral dichotomy does not apply.
• The airstream mechanism is pulmonic, which means it is articulated by pushing air solely with the lungs and diaphragm, as in most sounds.

Varieties [edit]

Occurrence [edit]

Language		Word	IPA	Meaning	Notes
Adyghe		бгъуы	[bʁʷə]	'nine'
Arabic	Standard[1]	كتب	[ˈkatabɐ]	'he wrote'	See Arabic phonology
Armenian	Eastern[2]	բարի	[bɑˈɾi] (help·info)	'kind'
Basque		bero	[beɾo]	'hot'
Catalan[3]		bèstia	[ˈbɛstiə]	'beast'	See Catalan phonology
Czech		bota	[ˈbota]	'boot'	See Czech phonology
Dutch[4]		boer	[buːr]	'farmer'	See Dutch phonology
English		aback	[əˈbæk]	'aback'	See English phonology
French[5]		boue	[bu]	'mud'	See French phonology
Georgian[6]		ბავშვი	[ˈbavʃvi]	'child'
German		Bub	[buːp]	'boy'	See German phonology
Greek		μπόχα bócha	[ˈbo̞xa]	'reek'	See Modern Greek phonology
Gujarati		બક્રી	[bəkri]	'goat'	See Gujarati phonology
Hebrew		בית	[bajit]	'house'	See Modern Hebrew phonology
Hindi		बाल	[bɑːl]	'hair'	Contrasts with aspirated version(भ). See Hindi-Urdu phonology
Hungarian		baba	[ˈbɒbɒ]	'baby'	See Hungarian phonology
Italian[7]		bile	[ˈbile]	'rage'	See Italian phonology
Japanese[8]		番 ban	[baɴ]	'(one's) turn'	See Japanese phonology
Kabardian		бгъуы	[bʁʷə]	'nine'
Korean		차비 chabi	[t͡ɕʰɐbi]	'fare'	See Korean phonology
Macedonian		убав	[ˈubav]	'beautiful'	See Macedonian phonology
Malay		baru	[bäru]	'new'
Maltese		għatba	[aːtˈba]	'threshold'
Marathi		बटाटा	[bə'ʈaːʈaː]	'potato'	See Marathi phonology
Norwegian		bål	[ˈbɔːl]	'bonfire'	See Norwegian phonology
Pirahã		pibaóí	[ˈpìbàóí̯]	'parent'
Polish[9]		bas	[bäs] (help·info)	'bass'	See Polish phonology
Portuguese[10]		bato	[ˈbatʊ]	'I strike'	See Portuguese phonology
Romanian[11]		bou	[bow]	'bull'	See Romanian phonology.
Russian[12]		рыба	[ˈrɨbə]	'fish'	Contrasts with palatalized form. See Russian phonology
Slovak		byť	[bic]	'to be'
Spanish[13]		invertir	[ĩmbe̞rˈtir]	'to invest'	See Spanish phonology
Swedish		bra	[ˈbrɑː]	'good'	See Swedish phonology
Turkish		bulut	[ˈbuɫut̪]	'cloud'	See Turkish phonology
Ukrainian		брат	[ˈbrɑt̪]	'brother'	See Ukrainian phonology
Urdu		بال	[bɑːl]	'hair'	Contrasts with aspirated version(بھ). See Hindi-Urdu phonology
West Frisian		bak	[bak]	'tray'
Yi		ꁧ bbo	[bo˧]	'mountain'
Zapotec	Tilquiapan[14]	bald	[bal͡d]	'few'

See also [edit]

• Betacism
• List of phonetics topics

References [edit]

Bibliography [edit]

• Carbonell, Joan F.; Llisterri, Joaquim (1992), "Catalan", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 22 (1–2): 53–56, doi:10.1017/S0025100300004618 
• Cruz-Ferreira, Madalena (1995), "European Portuguese", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 25 (2): 90–94, doi:10.1017/S0025100300005223 
• Dum-Tragut, Jasmine (2009), Armenian: Modern Eastern Armenian, Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company 
• Fougeron, Cecile; Smith, Caroline L (1993), "Illustrations of the IPA:French", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 23 (2): 73–76, doi:10.1017/S0025100300004874 
• Gussenhoven, Carlos (1992), "Dutch", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 22 (2): 45–47, doi:10.1017/S002510030000459X 
• Jassem, Wiktor (2003), "Polish", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 33 (1): 103–107, doi:10.1017/S0025100303001191 
• Martínez-Celdrán, Eugenio; Fernández-Planas, Ana Ma.; Carrera-Sabaté, Josefina (2003), "Castilian Spanish", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 33 (2): 255–259, doi:10.1017/S0025100303001373 
• Merrill, Elizabeth (2008), "Tilquiapan Zapotec", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 38 (1): 107–114, doi:10.1017/S0025100308003344 
• Okada, Hideo (1991), "Phonetic Representation:Japanese", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 21 (2): 94–97, doi:10.1017/S002510030000445X 
• Padgett, Jaye (2003), "Contrast and Post-Velar Fronting in Russian", Natural Language & Linguistic Theory 21 (1): 39–87, doi:10.1023/A:1021879906505 
• Rogers, Derek; d'Arcangeli, Luciana (2004), "Italian", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 34 (1): 117–121, doi:10.1017/S0025100304001628 
• Shosted, Ryan K.; Vakhtang, Chikovani (2006), "Standard Georgian", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 36 (2): 255–264, doi:10.1017/S0025100306002659 
• Thelwall, Robin (1990), "Illustrations of the IPA: Arabic", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 20 (2): 37–41, doi:10.1017/S0025100300004266 

v t e   International Phonetic Alphabet   IPA topics IPA International Phonetic Association History of the IPA Extensions to the IPA Kiel convention (1989) Journal of the IPA (JIPA) Naming conventions Phonetics Diacritics Segments Tone letter Place of articulation Manner of articulation Special topics Case variants of IPA letters Handwritten IPA Obsolete and nonstandard symbols IPA chart for English dialects Encodings SAMPA X-SAMPA Conlang X-SAMPA Kirshenbaum TIPA Phonetic symbols in Unicode WorldBet IPA Braille   Consonants v t e IPA pulmonic consonantschart image • audio Place → Labial Coronal Dorsal Radical Glottal ↓ Manner Bila­bial Labio-​dental Den​tal Alve​olar Post­alveolar Retro​flex Alveolo-​palatal Pal​a​tal Ve​lar Uvu​lar Pha​ryn​geal Epi​glot​tal Glot​tal Nasal m̥ m ɱ n̪ n̥ n n̠ ɳ̊ ɳ ɲ̟ ɲ̊ ɲ ŋ̊ ŋ ɴ Stop p b p̪ b̪ t̪ d̪ t d ʈ ɖ c ɟ k ɡ q ɢ ʡ ʔ Sibilant fricative s̪ z̪ s z ʃ ʒ ʂ ʐ ɕ ʑ Non-sibilant fricative ɸ β f v θ ð θ̱ ð̠ ç ʝ x ɣ χ ʁ ħ ʕ ʜ ʢ h ɦ Approximant ʋ ɹ ɻ j̊ j ɰ Flap or tap ⱱ̟ ⱱ ɾ ɽ ɢ̆ ʡ̯ Trill ʙ r̥ r ɽ͡r ʀ ᴙ * Lateral fricative ɬ ɮ ꞎ * ʎ̝̊ ʟ̝̊ ʟ̝ Lateral approximant l̥ l ɭ ʎ̟ ʎ ʟ Lateral flap ɺ ɺ̢ * ʎ̯ ʟ̆ Non-pulmonic consonants Clicks ʘ ǀ ǃ ǂ ǁ ʘ̃ ʘ̃ˀ ʘ͡q ʘ͡qʼ ‼ Implosives ɓ ɗ ʄ ᶑ ɠ ʛ Ejectives pʼ t̪ʼ tʼ cʼ ʈʼ kʼ qʼ fʼ θʼ sʼ ɬʼ ʃʼ ʂʼ ɕʼ xʼ χʼ tsʼ tɬʼ cʎ̝̥ʼ tʃʼ ʈʂʼ kxʼ kʟ̝̊ʼ qχʼ Affricates p̪f b̪v ts dz t̪s̪ d̪z̪ tθ dð tʃ dʒ tɕ dʑ ʈʂ ɖʐ tɬ dɮ cç ɟʝ cʎ̥˔ kx ɡɣ kʟ̝̊ ɡʟ̝ qχ ɢʁ Co-articulated consonants Continuants ʍ w ɥ ɧ Occlusives k͡p ɡ͡b ŋ͡m — These tables contain phonetic symbols, which may not display correctly in some browsers. [Help] — Where symbols appear in pairs, left–right represent the voiceless–voiced consonants. — Shaded areas denote pulmonic articulations judged to be impossible. — Symbols marked with an asterisk (*) are not defined in the IPA. Chart image Pulmonics Non-pulmonics Affricates Co-articulated   Vowels Front Near-​front Central Near-​back Back Close •iy •ɨʉ •ɯu •ɪʏ •ɪ̈ʊ̈ ʊ •eø •ɘɵ •ɤo •e̞ø̞ ə •ɤ̞o̞ •ɛœ •ɜɞ •ʌɔ æ ɐ •aɶ ä •ɑɒ Near-close Close-mid Mid Open-mid Near-open Open IPA help • chart •  chart with audio • view

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