Viljandi
—  Town and municipality  —
Viljandi town hall
Flag Coat of arms
Viljandi Location in Estonia
Coordinates: 58°22′N 25°36′E / 58.367°N 25.600°E / 58.367; 25.600Coordinates: 58°22′N 25°36′E / 58.367°N 25.600°E / 58.367; 25.600
Country	Estonia
County	Viljandi County
Founded	1263
Government
• Mayor	Loit Kivistik
Area
• Total	14.62 km2 (5.64 sq mi)
Elevation	83 m (272 ft)
Population (2011)
• Total	19,150
• Density	Bad rounding here1,300/km2 (Bad rounding here3,400/sq mi)
Time zone	EET (UTC+2)
• Summer (DST)	EEST (UTC+3)
Postal code	71020
Area code(s)	(+372) 043
Vehicle registration	D
Website	www.viljandi.ee

Viljandi (German: Fellin) is a town and municipality in southern Estonia with a population of 19,150 (2011). It is the capital of Viljandi County. The town was first mentioned in 1283, upon being granted its town charter by Wilhelm von Endorpe. The town became a member of the Hanseatic League at the beginning of the 14th century, and is one of five Estonian towns and cities in the league. The popular Estonian newspaper Sakala was founded in Viljandi in 1878.

St. John's church

Symbols [edit]

The flag of Viljandi is bi-coloured, its upper part light blue and lower part white. The city's shield-shaped coat of arms is light blue, with a white rose in the middle. Viljandi is the white rose city – in midsummer there are 720 white roses flowering in front of the city hall, planted for the town's anniversary in 2003. In summer, the White Rose Day is celebrated in Viljandi.

History [edit]

St. Paul's church

Viljandi manor main building

First records of civilization in the surroundings of Viljandi date back to the 5th millennium B.C. The first written record of the earthen stronghold of Viljandi was in the year 1154 in the commentaries to al-Idrisi's world atlas Geography.

In the 12th century, a permanent settlement emerged around the stronghold of Viljandi, which also became the economic centre of the ancient Sakala district.

In 1211 the hill-fort of the Estonians in Viljandi was besieged by a joint army of Germans, Latvians, and Livs. The Livonian Sword Brethren (later the Livonian Order) captured the hill-fort in August 1223 from a contingent of the people of Rus, who joined forces with the insurgent Estonians. In place of the Sakala wooden stronghold a powerful Order Centre was started in 1224. The following year the Grand Master Volquin led the construction of the castle at the site of the former hill-fort. The Viljandi (Fellin) castle was one of the largest in the Baltic region. It was a major fortification of the Livonian Order and was appointed a commander from 1248. The fortress was continually rebuilt and modernized over the next two-hundred years.

In the 13th century, a medieval town arose on the northern side of the stronghold. The Hamburg-Riga town bylaws, lands and population of it were first recorded in 1283. During the first half of the 14th century, Viljandi joined the influential Hanseatic League – the town had become an important stop for merchants on their way to Russia and back. In 1365, the town council was party when peace between Denmark and Hansa was concluded.

In 1470, Johann Wolthus von Herse, then master of the order, took up residence in the castle. In the Middle Ages, Viljandi was a typical small commercial town, which got its main income from transit trade. The local trade and handicraft played an equally important role. In 1481, Ivan III of Russia laid siege to the castle but could not take it. The decline of Viljandi started during the Livonian War and in 1560, the forces of Prince Kurbski of Muscovite Russia succeeded in seizing and demolished the town and the stronghold.

During the Polish–Russian War in the first quarter of the 17th century, the town and the stronghold were completely destroyed. Under the Swedish rule in the 17th century the town bylaws of Viljandi were cancelled. After the Great Northern War, Russians seized the power and Viljandi was without laws until the year 1783, when in the course of the regency reforms of Catherine II Viljandi became a district town. This involved the re-establishment of town bylaws. The economic and political importance of Viljandi started to increase. The population, meanwhile, having decreased to the minimum, started to rise again; handicraft, trading and cultural life were enlivened.

Ruins of Viljandi castle

Geography [edit]

House on Tallinna st 6

House on Pikk st 4

The town is situated on the north-western shore of Lake Viljandi, which lies in the primeval valley. Green zones cover 27% of the town area. Public green areas cover about 418 ha, including 92 ha of parks. The largest is the nature-protected Castle Park, but also Valuoja Park, Kiigepark, Uueveski Park are worth mentioning. The main tree species are oak, lime, birch, and pine. The grandest tree-lined avenues are Maramaa (named after August Maramaa, twice the mayor of Viljandi) and Lembitu avenues. Among foreign species, American larch can be found in Köler avenue and Douglas fir in Uus street.

Culture [edit]

Viljandi is sometimes called the cultural capital of Estonia, partly due to the Viljandi Culture Academy being located there.

Ugala Theatre since 1920, Viljandi has had the Ugala drama theatre. The tradition of open-air performances dates back to the same year.

Viljandi Puppet Theatre

Sakala Centre

Viljandi Library built in 2002 is also a venue for exhibitions, meetings with famous people, culture seminars, etc.

Kondas Centre is dedicated to Estonian naive artist Paul Kondas. The center hosts exhibitions of representatives of naïvism and is also a meeting place for artistic people.

Estonian Traditional Music Centre located in the Traditional Music Storehouse, a restored store house on Kirsimägi in the Castle ruins. The mission of the Center is to promote and teach traditional music.

Economy [edit]

The Old Water Tower

There are 871 businesses in Viljandi (as of 1 May 2005), 50% of them in service, 45% in trade, and 5% in production areas. The major industries represented are the construction materials industry, textile industry, and food and bakery industry. In 2005, the Investor of the Year title was awarded to the waterworks operator AS Viljandi Veevärk, the Employer award to AS Toom Tekstiil, and the Sponsor of the Year title to AS Viljandi Metall. Unemployment rate among the working-age population in Viljandi was about 3%.^[when?]

Transport [edit]

At the moment, 2 modes of transport can be used – road and rail.

Education [edit]

There are 7 schools and 7 kindergartens in Viljandi, a vocational secondary school and a university college. Special interests are catered for by a variety of institution providing extracurricular studies and activities in such fields as sports, music etc. The Youth Centre of Viljandi County is successful in offering various information and consulting services.

Schools in Viljandi [edit]

Primary Schools

• Viljandi Jakobsoni Kool
• Viljandi Kesklinna Kool
• Viljandi Paalalinna Kool
• Viljandi Kaare Kool
• Viljandi Vaba Waldorfkool

Grammar Schools

• Viljandi Gümnaasium
• Viljandi Täiskasvanute Gümnaasium

Vocational education [edit]

Vocational education can be acquired at Viljandi Joint Vocational Secondary School.

Higher education [edit]

Higher and applied higher education can be acquired at Viljandi Culture Academy a college of the University of Tartu.

Extracurricular educational institutions [edit]

• Viljandi Music School
• Viljandi Sports School
• Viljandi Art School
• Viljandi Youth Hobby Centre

Sports [edit]

There are sports events in Viljandi for both top athletes and amateurs. Family sports events, Sunday skiing trips, cycling tours in spring and autumn are very popular. In the city there are 53 sports clubs, a large sports hall and the new sports hall of Maagümnaasium. Soon, the jogging and cycling track around Lake Viljandi will be completed. A new skateboarding and roller-skating area has been built in Männimäe. At the lakeside are tennis courts and the city stadium.

Several races are held in Viljandi – around Lake Viljandi and Lake Paala and up and down the Trepimägi stairs. The longest tradition – the race around Lake Viljandi has been organised since 1928. This race takes place annually on 1 May, with the number of participants being about 1300 in the recent years. The winners' names are cut into stone columns. The legendary Hubert Pärnakivi, whose monument is also a tribute to the race, was an 11-time winner of the race.

Other popular fields of sport in Viljandi are handball, football, volleyball, basketball, wrestling, archery and rowing.

Legends [edit]

Boatman of Viljandi [edit]

Often the popular song is sung about the Boatman of Viljandi or the legend of him is told. Long-long ago, as a young man he had once taken a young girl across the lake on a summer evening and fallen hopelessly in love with the girl's blue eyes. Nobody knows what happened on the lake, but on the other side, the girl just waved him good-bye and left... However, the Boatman, a grey old man now, is said to row on the lake to this day, longing to see those wonderful blue eyes again.

According to another story, it was a boatman from Gauja who had dedicated a song to his loved one. As the young woman had moved near Viljandi, the song had changed, too.

International relations [edit]

City League the Hanse [edit]

Viljandi as historic Hanseatic town is a member of the international City League the Hanse.

Twin towns – sister cities [edit]

Viljandi is twinned with:

Events [edit]

• Viljandi Folk Music Festival a music festival with a focus on European folk music. It is traditionally held in the end of July. In the year 2006, over 24,000 people attended the concerts. As such, it is the largest annual music festival in Estonia. Due to this, Viljandi is sometimes called the Estonian Capital of Folk Music.

• Early Music Festival

• Young Dance Festival

• Winter Folk Dance Festival

• "Theatre in Suitcase" puppet theatre festival

• Rock Ramp Festival

• Viljandi Hanseatic Days are traditionally held in June every year. The program covers different activities and events like a Hanseatic fair, where people can buy and sell traditional goods. The Viljandi Hanseatic Days also offer concerts and live performances from local and foreign performers. Different workshops are opened. Medieval sports games take place by the Lake Viljandi.

• International Hanseatic Days will be held in Viljandi from 2015.

• Grand Race around Lake Viljandi

Notable residents [edit]

Franz Burchard Dörbeck (1799–1835), Baltic-German caricaturist and painter

Leopold v. Pezold (1832–1907), journalist, teacher, author

Hans Schmidt (1854–1923), German musician (composer and pianist) and poet

Elisabeth Schiemann (1881–1972), German geneticist and crop scientist

Joakim Puhk (1888–1942), Estonian entrepreneur and sports official

August Alle (1890–1952), Estonian author

Uno Naissoo (1928–1980), Estonian composer and music pedagogue

Sirje Tamul (* 1951), Estonian historian

Mart Laar (* 1960), Estonian politician

Helir-Valdor Seeder (* 1964), Estonian politician

Jaan Tätte (* 1964), Estonian dramatist, actor and singer

Meelis Atonen (* 1966), Estonian politician

Annely Peebo (* 1971), Estonian opera singer(mezzo-soprano)

Sander Post (* 1984), Estonian football player

Triinu Kivilaan (* 1989), former bassist of the band Vanilla Ninja, now soloist

Trivia [edit]

In 2005, Estonian Match, the successor of the 100-year old Viljandi Match Factory, made a six-metre match, which was registered as the largest match in the world in the Guinness Book of Records.

See also [edit]

• Lake Viljandi
• Viljandi castle
• University of Tartu Viljandi Culture Academy

External links [edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Viljandi

Wikivoyage has travel information related to: Viljandi

• Official website
• Viljandi Tourist Information Centre
• Festival Viljandi Folk Music Festival
• Viljandi this week, Nädal Viljandis, all events in Viljandi
• Viljandi Culture Academy
• Awarded "EDEN - European Destinations of Excellence" non traditional tourist destination 2008

References [edit]

This article includes a list of references, related reading or external links, but its sources remain unclear because it lacks inline citations. Please improve this article by introducing more precise citations. (August 2009)

• Heinrici (ca. 1187–1259) Chronicon Livoniae see also Chronicle of Henry of Livonia

v t e Cities and towns (Linnad) of Estonia Abja-Paluoja Antsla Elva Haapsalu Jõgeva Jõhvi Kallaste Kärdla Karksi-Nuia Kehra Keila Kilingi-Nõmme Kiviõli Kohtla-Järve Kunda Kuressaare Lihula Loksa Maardu Mõisaküla Mustvee Narva Narva-Jõesuu Otepää Paide Paldiski Pärnu Põltsamaa Põlva Püssi Rakvere Räpina Rapla Saue Sillamäe Sindi Suure-Jaani Tallinn Tamsalu Tapa Tartu Tõrva Türi Valga Viljandi Võhma Võru Jaanilinn (Ivangorod) and Petseri (Pechory) were annexed by the Soviet Union in 1945 and are currently part of Russia.

v t e Municipalities of Viljandi County Urban municipalities Mõisaküla Viljandi Võhma Rural municipalities Abja Halliste Karksi Kolga-Jaani Kõo Kõpu Paistu Pärsti Saarepeedi Suure-Jaani Tarvastu Viiratsi

v t e Members of the Hanseatic League by Quarter Chief cities shown in smallcaps. Free Imperial Cities of the Holy Roman Empire shown in italics. Wendish Lübeck Anklam Demmin Greifswald Hamburg Kolberg (Kołobrzeg) Lüneburg Rostock Rügenwalde (Darłowo) Stettin (Szczecin) Stolp (Słupsk) Stockholm Stralsund Visby Wismar Saxon Brunswick Magdeburg Berlin Bremen Erfurt Frankfurt an der Oder Goslar Baltic Danzig (Gdańsk) Breslau (Wrocław) Dorpat (Tartu) Elbing (Elbląg) Königsberg (Kaliningrad) Cracow (Kraków) Reval (Tallinn) Riga (Rīga) Thorn (Toruń) Westphalian Cologne 1 Dortmund 1 Deventer Groningen Kampen Münster Osnabrück Soest Kontore Principal Bryggen (Bergen) Hanzekantoor Bruges Antwerp2  Steelyard (London) Peterhof (Novgorod) Subsidiary Bishop's Lynn Falsterbo Ipswich Kaunas Malmö Polotsk Pskov Other cities Bristol Boston Damme Leith Herford Hull Newcastle Stargard Yarmouth York 1 Cologne and Dortmund were both capital of the Westphalian Quarter at different times. 2 Antwerp gained importance once Bruges became inaccessible due to the silting of the Zwin channel.