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Elections to the United States House of Representatives for the 35th Congress were held in 1856 and 1857. The elections returned a semblance of normality to the Democratic Party, as they retook a House majority and retained the presidency with the election of James Buchanan. However, the party was permanently divided over the slavery issue.
Earlier in the year, the Whig Party disbanded. With the majority of Whigs joining the Republican cause, the Republican Party finished second for their first time. Meanwhile, the short-lived Know-Nothing movement declined and the American Party began to fall apart. The Democrats, aided by much support from recent immigrants, took advantage of the situation and became the majority, despite fragmented support within the party.
Contents |
Election summaries [edit]
Two seats were added for the new State of Minnesota[4] and one seat for the new State of Oregon.[5] Minnesota was unrepresented for part of the 1st session, while Oregon was unrepresented for all but the last few weeks of the 2nd session.
| State | Type | Date | Total seats |
Democratic | Republican | Know-Nothing | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Seats | Change | Seats | Change[6] | Seats | Change | ||||
| California | At-large | November 4, 1856 (Election Day)[7] |
2 | 2 |  |
0 | |
0 | |
| Delaware | At-large | 1 | 1 |  1 |
0 | |
0 |  1 |
|
| Illinois | District | 9 | 5 | |
4 | |
0 | |
|
| Massachusetts | District | 11 | 0 | |
11 | 11 |
0 | 11 |
|
| Michigan | District | 4 | 0 | 1 |
4 | 1 |
0 | |
|
| New Jersey | District | 5 | 3 | 2 |
2 | 2 |
0 | |
|
| New York | District | 33 | 12 | 7 |
21 | 4 |
0 | 3 |
|
| Wisconsin | District | 3 | 0 | 1 |
3 | 1 |
0 | |
|
| Arkansas | District | August 4, 1856 | 2 | 2 | |
0 | |
0 | |
| Florida | At-large | October 6, 1856 | 1 | 1 | |
0 | |
0 | |
| Indiana | District | October 14, 1856 | 11 | 6 | 4 |
5 | 4 |
0 | |
| Iowa | District | August 4, 1856 | 2 | 0 | 1 |
2 | 1 |
0 | |
| Maine | District | September 8, 1856 | 6 | 0 | 1 |
6 | 1 |
0 | |
| Missouri | District | August 4, 1856 | 7 | 4 | 3 |
1 | 5 |
2 | 2 |
| Ohio | District | October 14, 1856 | 21 | 8 | 8 |
13 | 7 |
0 | 1 |
| Pennsylvania | District | October 14, 1856 | 25 | 15 | 9 |
10 | 8 |
0 | 1 |
| South Carolina | District | October 13–14, 1856 | 6 | 6 | |
0 | |
0 | |
| Vermont | District | September 2, 1856 | 3 | 0 | |
3 | |
0 | |
| 1857 elections | |||||||||
| Alabama | District | August 3, 1857 | 7 | 7 | 2 |
0 | |
0 | 2 |
| Connecticut | District | April 6, 1857 | 4 | 2 | 2 |
2 | 2 |
0 | 4 |
| Georgia | District | October 5, 1857 | 8 | 6 | |
0 | |
2 | |
| Kentucky | District | August 3, 1857 | 10 | 8 | 4 |
0 | |
2 | 4 |
| Louisiana | District | November 3, 1857 | 4 | 3 | |
0 | |
1 | |
| Maryland | District | November 4, 1857 | 6 | 3 | 1 |
0 | |
3 | 1 |
| Minnesota | At-large | October 13, 1857[8] | 2 | 2 | 2 |
0 | |
0 | |
| Mississippi | District | October 5–6, 1857 | 5 | 5 | 1 |
0 | |
0 | 1 |
| New Hampshire | District | March 10, 1857 | 3 | 0 | |
3 | 3 |
0 | 3 |
| North Carolina | District | August 6, 1857 | 8 | 7 | 2 |
0 | |
1 | 2 |
| Rhode Island | District | April 1, 1857 | 2 | 0 | |
2 | 2 |
0 | 2 |
| Tennessee | District | August 6, 1857 | 10 | 7 | 2 |
0 | |
3 | 2 |
| Texas | District | August 3, 1857 | 2 | 2 | 1 |
0 | |
0 | 1 |
| Virginia | District | May 28, 1857 | 13 | 13 | 1 |
0 | |
0 | 1 |
| 1858 elections | |||||||||
| Oregon | At-large | June, 1858[9] | 1 | 1 | 1 |
0 | |
0 | |
| Total[2] | 237 | 131 55.3% |
49 |
92 38.8% |
8 |
14 5.9% |
38 |
||
Complete returns [edit]
California [edit]
| District | Incumbent | Party | First elected |
Result | Candidates |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| California at-large 2 seats on a general ticket |
James W. Denver | Democratic | 1854 | Retired Democratic hold |
Charles L. Scott (D) 29.9% Joseph C. McKibbin (D) 21% A. B. Dibble (KN) 20.7% Ira P. Rankin (I) 13% J. N. Turner (R) 12.5% |
| Philemon T. Herbert | Democratic | 1854 | Retired[10] Democratic hold |
Florida [edit]
| District | Incumbent | Party | First elected |
Result | Candidates |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Florida at-large | Augustus Maxwell | Democratic | 1852 | Retired Democratic hold |
George S. Hawkins (D) 53.1% James McNair Baker (KN) 46.9% |
External links [edit]
References [edit]
- ^ Excludes states admitted during this Congress
- ^ a b c Includes late elections
- ^ a b The Republicans were part of the so-called Opposition Party in 1854
- ^ 11 Stat. 166
- ^ 11 Stat. 383
- ^ From Opposition in previous election
- ^ In 1845, Congress passed a law providing for a uniform date for choosing electors. Congressional elections were unaffected by this law, but the date was gradually adopted by the states for Congressional elections
- ^ New state. Representatives seated May 11, 1858, during the 1st session
- ^ New state, Representative seated February 14, 1859, less than a month before the end of the 35th Congress
- ^ After manslaughter acquittal
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