The Loop
The southeastern corner of The Loop
Overview
Type	Rapid transit
System	Chicago 'L'
Status	Operational
Locale	Chicago, Illinois, USA
Stations	9
Services	Orange Line      Green Line      Purple Line      Brown Line      Pink Line
Daily ridership	72,786 (average weekday Feb. 2013)
Operation
Opened	1895–1897
Operator(s)	Chicago Transit Authority
Character	Elevated
Technical
Track length	1.79 miles (2.9 km)
No. of tracks	2
Track gauge	4 ft 8 1⁄2 in (1,435 mm) standard gauge
Minimum radius	90 feet (27 m)
Electrification	Third rail, 600v DC
Route map

The Loop (historically Union Loop, or commonly Loop) is the 1.79-mile circuit of elevated railroad that forms the hub of the 'L' rapid transit system in Chicago, Illinois. As of February 2013, the branch has served 72,786 passengers every weekday.^[1] The Loop is so named because the railroad loops around a rectangle formed by Lake Street (north side), Wabash Avenue (east), Van Buren Street (south), and Wells Street (west). The surrounding area is also known as the Loop community area. Numerous accounts assert that the use of this term predates the elevated railroad, deriving from the multiple cable car turntables, or loops, that terminated in the district, and especially those of two lines that shared a loop, constructed in 1882, bounded by Madison, Wabash, State, and Lake.^[2] However, after extensive research of the issue, transportation historian Bruce Moffat concluded that "the Loop" was not used as a proper noun until after Charles Yerkes' 1895–97 construction of the elevated structure.^[3]

Operations [edit]

Chicago Transit Authority control tower 18 guides elevated Chicago 'L' north and southbound Purple and Brown lines intersecting with east and westbound Pink and Green lines and the looping Orange line above the Wells and Lake street intersection in the loop.

A Brown Line train departing from Madison/Wabash

Northward view from the Adams/Wabash station at night

The Loop includes nine stations: Clark/Lake and State/Lake are on the northern leg; Randolph/Wabash, Madison/Wabash, and Adams/Wabash are on the eastern side; Library and LaSalle/Van Buren are on the southern leg; and Quincy and Washington/Wells are on the western side. In 2011 20,896,612 passengers entered the 'L' via these stations.

Five of the eight 'L' lines use the Loop tracks. Two of the remaining three lines, Blue Line and Red Line, run underground through the center of the loop, connecting to loop stations. The Yellow Line is the only CTA line that does not run on or connect to the loop.

The Purple Line Express (weekday rush hours only) and the Brown Line enter from the north at the northwestern corner. The Purple Line Express makes a full circuit in the clockwise direction while the Brown Line makes a full circuit traveling counterclockwise. The Orange Line enters from the south at the southeastern corner and the Pink Line enters from the west at the northwestern corner; both making a full clockwise circuit. Following the completion of a full circuit in their respective directions, trains of these four lines return to their terminals making stops in the reverse order they made when heading to the Loop. The Green Line runs in both directions but does not make a full circuit, using only the north and eastern sides of the Loop to move between the Lake Street Line and the South Side Elevated.

Two towers control entry to and exit from the Loop. Tower 12 stands at the southeastern corner. Tower 18 stands watch over the three-quarter union located at the northwestern corner, which at one time was billed as the busiest railroad interlocking in the world.^[4] The current Tower 18 was placed into service on September 7, 1969 after being relocated diagonally across the junction from the original 19th century tower.^[4]

History [edit]

Prior to construction of the Union Loop, Chicago's three elevated railway lines—the South Side Elevated Railroad, the Lake Street Elevated Railroad, and the Metropolitan West Side Elevated Railroad—each had their own terminal on the edges of downtown Chicago. Charles Tyson Yerkes masterminded the linking of these railroads.^[5] The Union Loop was constructed in separate sections: the Lake Street 'L' was extended along the north side in 1895; the Union Elevated Railroad opened the east side along Wabash Avenue in 1896 and the west side along Wells Street in 1897; and the Union Consolidated Elevated Railroad opened the south side along Van Buren Street in 1897. Originally there were 12 stations, with three stations on each side. The construction of the west-leg of the Union Loop over Wells Street required the removal of the southern platform of the Fifth/Lake station. The addition of the Northwestern Elevated Railroad caused the removal of the rest of the station as the remaining platform sat across the new road's entry point.^[6] This left 11 stations, two on the north leg of the loop and three on each other leg.

The Loop was born in political scandal: upon completion, all the rail lines running downtown had to pay Yerkes's operation a fee, which raised fares for commuters; when Yerkes, after bribery of the state legislature, secured legislation by which he claimed a fifty-year franchise, the resulting furor drove him out of town and ushered in a short-lived era of "Progressive Reform" in Chicago.^[7]

An Orange Line train approaches Quincy on the Wells Street portion of the Loop in 2008.

Station listing [edit]

Chicago Transit Authority Chicago 'L' route map

A street level view of the elevated trains.

Loop
Station	Location	Points of interest & Notes
Randolph/Wells	150 N. Wells St.	Closed July 17, 1995; replaced by Washington/Wells
Washington/Wells	100 N. Wells Street	Chicago City Hall, Civic Opera House, Chicago Mercantile Exchange Transfer for Metra trains via Ogilvie Transportation Center
Madison/Wells	1 N. Wells St.	Closed January 30, 1994; replaced by Washington/Wells
Quincy	220 S. Wells Street	Willis Tower Transfer for Metra and Amtrak trains via Union Station
LaSalle/Van Buren	121 W. Van Buren Street	Chicago Board of Trade, Chicago Board Options Exchange Transfer for Metra trains via LaSalle Street Station
Dearborn/Van Buren	Dearborn Street and Van Buren Street	Closed 1949
Harold Washington Library – State / Van Buren	1 W. Van Buren Street	Harold Washington Library Transfer station for Blue and Red Lines.
State/Van Buren	400 S. State St.	Closed September 2, 1973, Replaced by Library – State / Van Buren on June 22, 1997.
Adams/Wabash	201 S. Wabash Avenue	Grant Park, Petrillo Music Shell, Buckingham Fountain, Art Institute of Chicago
Madison/Wabash	2 N. Wabash Avenue	Jewelers Row District
Washington/Wabash	TBD	Consolidation of Madison/Wabash and Randolph/Wabash scheduled to open in late 2015
Randolph/Wabash	151 N. Wabash Avenue	Marshall Field's, Chicago Cultural Center, Millennium Park Transfer for Metra and South Shore trains via Millennium Station
State/Lake	200 N. State Street	Chicago Theatre, Gene Siskel Film Center Transfer station for Red Line
Clark/Lake	100 W. Lake Street, Chicago	James R. Thompson Center, Richard J. Daley Center Transfer station for Blue Line
Fifth/Lake	Wells Street and Lake Street	Closed December 17, 1899

See also [edit]

• 1977 Chicago Loop derailment
• Chicago Central Area Transit Plan
• Wells Street terminal

References [edit]

External links [edit]

• Historic American Engineering Record (HAER) No. IL-1, "Union Elevated Railroad, Union Loop"
• Loop Elevated at Chicago-L.org

Coordinates: 41°52′48″N 87°38′47″W / 41.88000°N 87.64639°W / 41.88000; -87.64639

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