Telecommunications in Ethiopia is a monopoly in the control of Ethio Telecom, formerly the Ethiopian Telecommunications Corporation (ETC); all telephone service and internet access[clarification needed] requires Ethio Telecom to be involved. As of 2011, 14.127 million cellular phones and 829,000 main line phones were in use.[1]
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Overview [edit]
The telephone system consists of open wire and microwave radio relay system adequate for government use. Domestic systems are open wire; microwave radio relay; radio communication in the HF, VHF, and UHF frequencies; two domestic satellites provide the national trunk service. International systems are open wire to Sudan and Djibouti; microwave radio relay to Kenya and Djibouti; satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (1 Atlantic Ocean and 2 Pacific Ocean).[1]
The Ethiopian dial plan changed on 17 September 2005. City codes (i.e., internal prefixes) changed from two digits to three (or, from outside Ethiopia, one digit to two). Phone numbers changed from six digits to seven.
In 2007, there were 89 internet hosts.[1] IN 2009, there were 447,300 internet users.[1] In 2010, just 0.75 percent of the population were using the Internet, one of the lowest rates in the world.[2] Ethiopia's country code (TLD) is .et.
History [edit]
The first telegraph line in Ethiopia was constructed in the years 1897 - 1899 between the cities of Harar and the capital Addis Ababa. This was extended in 1904 by a line that ran from Addis Ababa through Tigray into Eritrea and to Massawa; and the next year by a line again from Addis Ababa to Gore in the province of Illubabor and Jimma in Kaffa.
The first telephones were brought by Ras Makonnen from Italy in 1890, and connected between the Palace and the Imperial treasury; the sound of disembodied voices frightened the local priests, who thought it was the work of demons. The Emperor Menelik II responded to their protests with disdain, and later used the telephone to give orders to his provincial governors.[3] Emperor Haile Selassie had begun the process of introducing radio transmitters to the country for civilian and military use in the years before the Italian invasion.[4]
Current status [edit]
According to the ETC, the average rural inhabitant of Ethiopia has to walk 30 kilometers to the nearest phone. The ETC announced 7 September 2006 a program to improve national coverage, and reduce the average distance to 5 kilometers.[5]
Since 2008 CDMA2000 and WCDMA is available in certain areas.
For travelers, local prepaid SIMs are available at small shops, Ethio Telecom Kiosks and hotels. Satellite phones may require letter of permission from the ETC prior to bringing such phones through customs.
Use of voice over IP services such as Skype and Google Talk was prohibited by telecommunications legislation in 2002.[6][7] Personal use of these services was legalised by the Proclamation on Telecom Fraud Offences of 2012.[6]
See also [edit]
- Internet in Ethiopia
- Ethiopian Telecommunication Agency
- Ethiopian Telecommunications Corporation
- ETV (Ethiopia)
- Media in Ethiopia
Notes [edit]
- ^ a b c d CIA World Factbook.
- ^ "Percentage of individuals using the Internet 2000-2010". International Telecommunication Union. Retrieved 8 July 2012.
- ^ Chris Proutky, Empress Taytu and Menelik II: Ethiopia 1883-1910 (Trenton: The Red Sea Press, 1986), pp. 237ff.
- ^ Richard Pankhurst, Economic History of Ethiopia (1800 - 1935) (Addis Ababa: Haile Selassie I University Press, 1968), pp. 341, 606.
- ^ ETC to make 10,000 rural kebeles beneficiaries of telephone services (Walta)
- ^ a b "Ethiopian Telecom law affirms Skype’s legality". Ministry of Foreign Affairs. 13 July 2012. Retrieved 15 July 2012.
- ^ Gebru, Samuel M. (22 June 2012). "Telecom, terror and digital economy in Ethiopia". Nazret.com. Retrieved 22 June 2012.
External links [edit]
- GSM World page on Ethiopia
- PanAfriL10n page on Ethiopia
- "The Internet in Ethiopia" (2001 article)
- "Internet in Ethiopia Revisited – A Mixed Bag of Progress and Opportunities on-Hold" (2002 update of previous article)
- "Ethiopia's digital dream" (2005 Guardian UK article)
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