| Szeged | ||
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| — City — | ||
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| Nickname(s): City of Sunshine | ||
 Szeged
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| Coordinates: 46°15′18″N 20°08′42″E / 46.255°N 20.145°ECoordinates: 46°15′18″N 20°08′42″E / 46.255°N 20.145°E | ||
| Country |  Hungary |
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| County | Csongrád | |
| Government | ||
| • Mayor | László Botka (MSZP) | |
| Area | ||
| • Total | 280.84 km2 (108.43 sq mi) | |
| Population (2012) | ||
| • Total | 170,052 |
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| • Rank | 3rd | |
| • Density | 605.51/km2 (1,568.3/sq mi) | |
| Demonym | szegedi | |
| Population by ethnicity | ||
| • Hungarians | 93.5% | |
| • Gypsies | 0.7% | |
| • Germans | 0.5% | |
| • Serbs | 0.2% | |
| • Romanians | 0.2% | |
| Population by Religion | ||
| • Roman Catholics | 54.5% | |
| • Atheists | 21.8% | |
| • Calvinists | 6.7% | |
| • Lutherans | 1.6% | |
| • Greek Catholics | 0.6% | |
| Time zone | CET (UTC+1) | |
| • Summer (DST) | CEST (UTC+2) | |
| Area code(s) | 62 | |
| Website | http://www.szegedvaros.hu/ | |
Szeged (Hungarian pronunciation: [ˈsɛɡɛd] (
listen); German: Szegedin; Romanian: Seghedin; Croatian: Segedin; Serbian: Segedin, Сегедин; see also other alternative names) is the third largest city of Hungary, the largest city and regional centre of the Southern Great Plain and the county town of Csongrád county. The University of Szeged is one of the most distinguished universities in Hungary.
The famous Open Air Plays of Szeged (first held in 1931) are one of the main attractions; they are held every summer. Szeged celebrates the Day of the city on May 21.
Contents |
Etymology[edit]
The name Szeged might come from an old Hungarian word for corner (szeg), pointing to the turn of the river Tisza that flows through the city. Others say it derives from the Hungarian word sziget which means 'island'. Others still contend that szeg means 'dark blond' (sötétszőkés) – a reference to the color of the water where the rivers Tisza and Maros merge.[1]
The city has its own name in a number of foreign languages: Croatian, Segedin; Romanian, Seghedin; Bulgarian, Belarusian, Russian and Ukrainian, Сегед (Seged); German, Szegedin / Segedin; Italian, Seghedino; Latin, Partiscum; Latvian, Segeda; Lithuanian, Segedas; Polish, Segedyn; Serbian, Segedin, Сегедин; Slovak, Segedín; Turkish, Segedin.
History[edit]
Szeged and its area have been inhabited since ancient times. Ptolemy mentions the oldest known name of the city: Partiscum. It is possible that Attila, king of the Huns had his seat somewhere in this area. The name Szeged was first mentioned in 1183, in a document of King Béla III.
During the Mongol invasion the town was destroyed and its inhabitants fled to the nearby swamps, but they soon returned and rebuilt their town. In the 14th century, during the reign of Louis the Great, Szeged became the most important town of Southern Hungary, and – as the Turkish armies got closer to Hungary – the strategic importance of Szeged grew. King Sigismund of Luxembourg had a wall built around the town. Szeged was raised to free royal town status in 1498.
Szeged was first pillaged by the Turkish army on 28 September 1526, but was occupied only in 1543, and became an administrative centre of the Ottomans (see Ottoman Hungary). She was a sanjak centre at first in Budin Eyaleti (1543–1596), after in Eğri Eyaleti. The town was freed from Turkish rule on 23 October 1686, and regained the free royal town status in 1715. In 1719 Szeged got its coat of arms (still used today) from Charles III. During the next years Szeged grew and prospered. Piarist monks arrived in Szeged in 1719 and opened a new grammar school in 1721. They also held scientific lectures and theatrical plays. However, these years brought not only prosperity and enlightenment; between 1728 and 1744 witch trials were frequent in the town; in 1728-29, the perhaps largest Hungarian witch trial was held here. In 1720, the population of the city totalled 193 households, of which 99 were Serbian.
Szeged is known as the home of paprika, a spice made from dried, powdered capsicum fruits. Paprika arrived in Hungary in the second half of the 16th century as an ornamental plant. About 100 years later the plant was cultivated as a herb, and paprika as we know it was born.[2] Szeged is also famous for their Szekelygulyas, a goulash made with pork, sauerkraut and sour cream.[3] And also famous for their Halászlé, fish soup made of carp and catfish.
The citizens of Szeged played an important part in the Hungarian Revolution of 1848. Lajos Kossuth delivered his famous speech here. Szeged was the last seat of the revolutionary government in July 1849. The Habsburg rulers punished the leaders of the town, but later Szeged began to prosper again, the railway reached it in 1854, and the town got its free royal town status back in 1860. Mark Pick's shop – the predecessor of today's world famous Pick Salami Factory – was opened in 1869.
Today the inner city of Szeged has beautiful buildings and wide avenues. This is mainly due to the great flood of 1879, which literally wiped away the whole town (only 265 of the 5723 houses remained and 165 people died). Emperor Franz Joseph visited the town and promised that "Szeged will be more beautiful than it used to be". He kept his promise. During the next years a new, modern city emerged from the ruins, with palaces and wide streets.
During the 20th century[edit]
After the First World War Hungary lost its southern territories to Romania and Serbia, as a result Szeged became a city close to the border, and its importance lessened, but as it took over roles that formerly belonged to the now lost cities, it slowly recovered. The University of Kolozsvár (now Cluj-Napoca, Romania) moved to Szeged in 1921 (see University of Szeged). In 1923 Szeged took over the role of episcopal seat from Temesvár (now Timişoara, Romania). It was briefly occupied by Romanian army during Hungarian-Romanian War in 1919. During the 1920s the Jewish population of Szeged grew and reached its zenith.
Szeged suffered heavily during the World War II. 6,000 inhabitants of the city were killed, the Jewish citizens were confined to ghettos, then taken to death camps, and the Soviet Army occupied the city in late-1944. During the Communist-era, Szeged became a centre of light industry and food industry. In 1965 oil was found near the city; the area now satisfies 67% of the country's oil demand.
In 1962, Szeged became the county seat of Csongrád. Whole new districts were built, and lots of nearby villages (e.g. Tápé, Szőreg, Kiskundorozsma, Sentmihálytelek, Gyálarét) were annexed to the city in 1973 (as was a tendency during the Communist era).
Today's Szeged is an important university town and a popular tourist attraction.
The Szeged Symphony Orchestra (Szegedi Szimfonikus Zenekar) gives regular concerts at the Szegedi Nemzeti Színház.[4]
Geography[edit]
Szeged is situated near the southern border of Hungary, just to the south of the mouth of the Maros River, on both banks of the Tisza River.
Climate[edit]
Szeged's climate is transitional between oceanic (Köppen Cfb) and continental (Köppen Dfb), with cold winters, hot summers, and fairly low precipitation.
| Climate data for Szeged | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Average high °C (°F) | 1.7 (35.1) |
5.1 (41.2) |
11.2 (52.2) |
17.1 (62.8) |
22.3 (72.1) |
25.3 (77.5) |
27.4 (81.3) |
27.0 (80.6) |
23.4 (74.1) |
17.6 (63.7) |
9.5 (49.1) |
3.8 (38.8) |
15.95 (60.71) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −1.8 (28.8) |
0.9 (33.6) |
5.6 (42.1) |
11.1 (52) |
16.2 (61.2) |
19.2 (66.6) |
20.8 (69.4) |
20.2 (68.4) |
16.5 (61.7) |
11.0 (51.8) |
5.1 (41.2) |
0.6 (33.1) |
10.45 (50.83) |
| Average low °C (°F) | −4.8 (23.4) |
−2.5 (27.5) |
0.9 (33.6) |
5.5 (41.9) |
10.3 (50.5) |
13.4 (56.1) |
14.4 (57.9) |
13.9 (57) |
10.4 (50.7) |
5.6 (42.1) |
1.7 (35.1) |
−2.1 (28.2) |
5.56 (42) |
| Precipitation mm (inches) | 29 (1.14) |
25 (0.98) |
29 (1.14) |
41 (1.61) |
51 (2.01) |
72 (2.83) |
50 (1.97) |
57 (2.24) |
34 (1.34) |
26 (1.02) |
41 (1.61) |
40 (1.57) |
495 (19.46) |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 62.0 | 87.6 | 142.6 | 180.0 | 235.6 | 255.0 | 288.3 | 266.6 | 210.0 | 170.5 | 81.0 | 49.6 | 2,028.8 |
| Source: Hong Kong Observatory [5] | |||||||||||||
Due to the high number of sunshine hours annually, Szeged is often called City of Sunshine.
Education[edit]
The city of Szeged has 62 kindergartens, 32 elementary schools, 18 high schools and a university, which were established by the unification of the past existing higher education centres. The two most prominent high schools (Ságvári Endre Gyakorló Gimnázium and Radnóti Miklós Kísérleti Gimnázium) are among the fifteen best in the country.
Szeged is the higher education centre of southern Hungary and has built quite a reputation for itself. Thousands of students study here, many of whom are foreign students from all around the world. The Biological Research Centre of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, which was built with the help of UNESCO funds, has also been a considerable source of advanced research. Scientists at this laboratory were first in the world to produce artificial heredity material in the year 2000. The building has served as a home to many well known conferences and continues to make contributions to the world of science. The University of Szeged was ranked as the best university of the country on Academic Ranking of World Universities - 2005, and one of the best 100 in Europe.
Demographics[edit]
| Historical population | ||
|---|---|---|
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1870 | 56,901 | — |
| 1880 | 59,143 | +3.9% |
| 1890 | 68,924 | +16.5% |
| 1900 | 82,803 | +20.1% |
| 1910 | 96,063 | +16.0% |
| 1920 | 100,175 | +4.3% |
| 1930 | 108,448 | +8.3% |
| 1941 | 110,740 | +2.1% |
| 1949 | 104,867 | −5.3% |
| 1960 | 117,515 | +12.1% |
| 1970 | 145,312 | +23.7% |
| 1980 | 164,437 | +13.2% |
| 1990 | 169,930 | +3.3% |
| 2001 | 168,273 | −1.0% |
| 2011 | 168,048 | −0.1% |
Ethnic groups (2001 census):
- Hungarians - 93.5%
- Roma - 0.7%
- Germans - 0.5%
- Serbs - 0.2%
- Romanians - 0.2%
- Croats - 0.1%
- Slovaks - 0.1%
- No answer (unknown) - 4.7%
Religions (2001 census):
- Roman Catholic - 54.5%
- Calvinist - 6.7%
- Lutheran - 1.6%
- Greek Catholic - 0.6%
- Others (Christian) - 1.3%
- Others (non-Christian) - 0.4%
- Atheist - 21.8%
- No answer (unknown) - 13.1%
Economy[edit]
Szeged is one of the centres of the food industry in Hungary, especially known for its paprika,[2] Szekelygulyas,[3] Szegedi Halászlé and Pick salami.
Main sights[edit]
| City centre, Dóm tér ("Cathedral Square") with the Votive Church |
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Church of Grey Friars (Gothic, 15th century) |  |
The Water Tower |  |
| Dömötör Tower (13th century) |  |
Ferenc Móra Museum |  |
Reök Palace |  |
| Szeged Synagogue |  |
Szeged City Hall | .JPG) |
National Theatre of Szeged |  |
| Gróf-palace (1913) |  |
Minorite Church | 100.jpg) |
Fekete Ház "Black House", Museum of Currency |  |
Famous people[edit]
Born in Szeged[edit]
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This section does not cite any references or sources. (August 2010) |
- Adrián Annus (1975), hammer thrower
- Laurenz "Loz" Lipworthz, Scally Manc
- Gábor Agárdy (1922–2006), actor
- Béla Balázs (1884–1949), writer, poet, film critic
- Zsolt Becsey (1964), politician
- Joseph Csaky (1888–1971) sculptor
- Attila Czene (1974), Olympic champion medley swimmer
- János Csonka (1852–1939), engineer, co-inventor of the carburetor
- Sophie Evans (1976), adult movie star
- Ivan Fellegi (1935), Chief Statistician of Canada
- Rajmund Fodor (1976), Olympic champion water polo player
- Jenő Huszka (1875–1960), composer
- Éva Janikovszky (1926–2003), writer
- Ferenc Joachim (1882–1964), painter
- Gyula Juhász (1883–1937), poet
- Esther Jungreis, Orthodox Jewish outreach speaker
- Géza Maróczy (1870–1951), chess grand master
- Tamás Molnár (1975), Olympic champion water polo player
- Robert Nagy (1967), speedway rider
- László Paskai (1927), Archbishop of Esztergom
- Willy Pogany (1882–1955), illustrator
- György Sebők (1922–1999), pianist
- Julius Stahel (1825–1912), American Civil War general and diplomat
- Ágnes Péter (1983), famous singer
- Attila Vajda (1983), Olympic champion canoer
- Vilmos Zsigmond (1930), cinematographer
Who lived in Szeged[edit]
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This section does not cite any references or sources. (August 2010) |
- Mihály Babits poet, writer
- Lipót Fejér mathematician
- Alfréd Haar mathematician
- Attila József poet
- László Kalmár mathematician
- Dezső Kosztolányi poet, novelist
- Leopold Löw rabbi, historian and Judaic scholar
- Immanuel Löw rabbi, Judaic scholar, politician
- Kálmán Mikszáth writer
- Ferenc Móra writer, archaeologist
- Miklós Radnóti poet
- Frigyes Riesz mathematician
- Albert Szent-Györgyi Nobel prize winner chemist and biologist
- Béla Szőkefalvi-Nagy mathematician
- Peter Leko chess grandmaster
Gallery[edit]
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Szeged City Hall.
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Posta Palace.
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MÁV Palace.
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Votive Church at night.
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Elisabeth (Sisi) was Empress of Austria and Queen of Hungary.
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City Hall Square.
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Franz Joseph (Apostolic King of Hungary) "Bridge" or Bridge of Sighs.
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Unger–Mayer House (1911).
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Statue of Kuno Klebelsberg.
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Szeged Railway Station.
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The Great Flood (1879) Statue.
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Rector's Building, University of Szeged
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Institute of Informatics, University of Szeged
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Institute of Biology, University of Szeged
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TIK, the Central Library, University of Szeged
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View from Votive Church Dome.
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View from Votive Church Dome.
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Aerial photography.
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Szeged bridge on Tisza.
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Capsicum fruits in Szeged.
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Móra Ferenc Museum.
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Anna Thermal-Bath.
Twin towns - Sister cities[edit]
Szeged is twinned with:
Cambridge, United Kingdom, since 1977
Darmstadt, Germany, since 1990[6]
Nice, France, since 1969
Odessa, Ukraine, since 1977- Rakhiv, Ukraine, since 1939 and 1997
Parma, Italy, since 1988
Liège, Belgium, since 2001
Kotor, Montenegro, since 2001
Rotterdam, Netherlands
Târgu Mureş, Romania, since 1997
Subotica, Serbia, since 1966 and 2004- Timişoara, Romania, since 1998
Toledo, United States, since 1990
Turku, Finland, since 1971
Łódź, Poland, since 2004
Weinan, China, since 1999
Larnaca, Cyprus, since 1994
Pula, Croatia, since 2003
Varna, Bulgaria, since 2010
İzmir, Turkey, since 2010
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- Notes
- ^ On etymology
- ^ a b Paprika
- ^ a b Szeged Gulyas Recipe
- ^ Szeged Symphony Orchestra website, accessed 6 August 2012.
- ^ "Climatological Normals of Szeged". Hong Kong SAR Government. Retrieved 2011-01-06.
- ^ Town Twinnings and international relations (from the official city website. Accessed 2008-08-11.)
External links[edit]
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Szeged |
Szeged travel guide from Wikivoyage- Szeged(photo album) (English)
- Szeged, city of sunshine (English)
- Szeged in Pictures (English)
- Official site with webcam (Hungarian) (English)
- Another site (English)
- Official site of the Open Air Festival
- Official site of Young Summer Festival
- Aerial photography: Szeged
- Pick Salami and Szeged Paprika Museum
- SZTE Congress Center
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