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In music, the range of a musical instrument is the distance from the lowest to the highest, pitch it can play. For a singing voice, the equivalent is vocal range. The range of a musical part is the distance between its lowest and highest note.
The terms sounding range, written range, designated range, duration range and dynamic range have specific meanings.
The sounding range[1] refers to the pitches produced by an instrument, while the written range[1] refers to the compass (span) of notes written in the sheet music, where the part is sometimes transposed for convenience. A piccolo typically has a sounding range one octave higher than its written range.[1] The designated range is the set of notes the player should or can achieve while playing. All instruments have a designated range, and all pitched instruments have a playing range. Timbre, dynamics, and duration ranges are interrelated and one may achieve registral range at the expense of timbre. The designated range is thus the range in which a player is expected to have comfortable control of all aspects.
The duration range is the difference between the shortest and longest rhythm used. Dynamic range is the difference between the quietest and loudest volume of an instrument, part or piece of music.
Although woodwind instruments and string instruments have no theoretical upper limit to their range (subject to practical limits), they generally cannot go below their designated range. Brass instruments, on the other hand, can play beyond their designated ranges. Notes lower than the brass instrument's designated range are called pedal tones. The playing range of a brass instrument depends on both the technical limitations of the instrument and the skill of the player.
Classical arrangements seldom make woodwind or brass instruments play beyond their designed range. String musicians play the bottom of their ranges very frequently, but the top of a string instrument's range is rather fuzzy, and it is unusual for a string player to exceed the designated range. It is quite rare for wind musicians to play the extremes of their instruments. The most common exception is that in many 20th century works, pedal tones are called for in bass trombones.
This chart uses standard numberings for octaves where middle C corresponds to C4. In the MIDI language middle C is simply referred to as 'Middle C', which is MIDI note number 60.
The lowest note that a pipe organ can sound (with a true pipe) is C-1 (or CCCCC), which is 8 Hz, not visible on this chart. However, if acoustic combination (a note and its fifth) counts, the lowest note is C-2 (CCCCCC), which is 4 Hz.
[edit] Typical ranges
*This chart only displays to C0, though the Octocontrabass clarinet extends down to the B♭ below that C. Also some pipe organs, such as the Boardwalk Hall Auditorium Organ, extend down to C-1 (one octave below C0).
[edit] See also
- ^ a b c "Music theory online : musical instrument ranges & names", Brian Blood, Dolmetsch.com, 2009, webpage: Dolmetsch-M29.
 (HD) Mariah Carey - Live Vocal Range - 'Music Box' Era (1993-1994) Disclaimer - Copyright Disclaimer Under Section 107 of the Copyright Act 1976, allowance is made for "fair use" for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching, scholarship, and research. Fair use is a use permitted by copyright statute that might otherwise be infringing. Non-profit, educational or personal use tips the balance in favor of fair use. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Especially dedicated to DreamloverLambi and MCLAMB4LiFE2 for helping me! Also dedicated to all my friends, subscribers and viewers, you know who you are! ;) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- This video accentutates Mariah's capabilities in her golden years, this is when she could effortlessly flutter to the incandescent peaks of her vocal range and when she could descend down into her dark lows while maintaining tessitura. Her belted notes in this era had perfect placement, her many upper belts were achieved without 'mixing' (her signature belted notes in this 'era' were C#5s and F#5s). She frequently used her head voice in this 'era' showing it's extensiveness. During this time, her whistle register was very flexible and agile - she demonstrated intricate melismas in that register, also with ease she could reach the lower 6th octave in the flageolet register. *Vocal ... |  Mariah Carey - Vocal Range: Music Box (D3 - E7) A Vocal Range of Mariah Carey's third studio album 'Music Box'. Mariah showed amazing belting power on this album, soaring through some of her most vocally challenging songs with ease and power. It is her most mellow album to date, mainly consisting of ballads and a few urban up-tempo dance tracks. Released in 1993, Music Box remains Carey's highest seller and one of the best-selling albums of all time, with worldwide sales of over 32 million copies. *Lower Register D3 Eb3 E3 F3 F#3 *Upper Chest Register Bb4 B4 C5 C#5 D5 Eb5 E5 F5 F#5 G5 G#5 *Head Voice Register F#5 G5 G#5 A5 Bb5 *Whistle Register E6 F#6 A6 Bb6 C7 E7 *Please comment, rate & subscribe for more vocal range videos! :) *Big thanks to sentfromupabove for his fantastic help with this video! Please check his channel out! |  The 2011 Belfast Free Range Music Festival The Belfast Free Range Music Festival is an annual, volunteer powered celebration of original music in the beautiful coastal city of Belfast, Maine. Acts come from both near and far, representing a wide range of genres. Visit www.freerangemusicfestival.com for more information. The 2011 Belfast Free Range music Festival took place on Saturday, April 30th and included performances by: Michael Murley, Grass Widow, Jonny Corndawg, Brenda, Audrey Ryan, Time Crisis, Toughcats, Big Blood, Jacob Augustine, Gawler Family Band, Sunset Hearts, Broken Water, Mehuman Trio, The Rattlesnakes, Marie Stella, The Milkman's Union, Ancestral Diet, The Spaceys, Dead Man's Clothes, The 220s, Press Gang, Full Contact Kitty, CatchaVibe, Tit City, Mark Mandeville, Asa Irons, Cave Bears, VoXX, and In Houses in Trees. Festival performances took place at: Aarhus Gallery, the American Legion Hall, Belfast Free Library, Belfast Maskers Community Theater, Colonial Theatre, First Church , and Waterfall Arts. The festival after party was presented by HillyTown.com at Three Tides and featured performances by Vistas and Mango Floss. 2011 Festival Organizing Crew: Meg Fournier, Bub Fournier, Dan Beckman, Kristen Burkholder, Nathan Raleigh, Mike Hurley, Janane Tripp, Al Crichton, Annadeene Fowler 2011 Festival Sound &Tech Services provided by: Bruce Boege of Limin Music, Ed Goguen & students of NesComm, Bub Fournier, Dan Beckman, Neal Harkness, Erik Perkins, and Aarhus staff. 2011 Festival Sponsors: Major ... |  Dana Fuchs at Snowy Range Music Festival 2011 Dana Fuchs at Snowy Range Music Festival 2011 Dana Fuchs plays at the opening night of the 2011 Snowy Range Music Festival in Laramie, Wyoming. Video by UW Television, Outreach Technology Services Camera/Editor: Ali Grossman, UWTV copyright 2011 |  Neville Brothers at Snowy Range Music Festival 2011 The Neville Brothers headline opening night of the 2011 Snowy Range Music Festival in Laramie, Wyoming. Video by UW Television, Outreach Technology Services Camera/Editor: Ali Grossman, UWTV copyright 2011 |  Roska & Untold - Long Range (Music Video) Obviously not the actual Music Video. Just enjoy it. |  nonradioMusic Free Range Music Party clip from Sullivan Hall NYC - November 17, 2009 nonradioMusic Free Range Music Party clip featuring, Warren Benbow (drums), Ronny Drayton (guitar), Daryl Foster (saxophone), Gary Fritz percussion, Felice Rosser (bass), Tantra-Zawadi, (spoken word) The show took place at Sullivan Hall in NYC on November 17th 2009 |  Billy Branch Inspires Magic(k) at Snowy Range Music Festival 2011 The young talent of Another Kind of Magick responds to the legendary Billy Branch at his late night jam at Snowy Range Music Festival 2011 in Laramie, Wyoming on September 3, 2011. Musicians: Billy Branch, harp Taylor Scott, guitar/vocals Michaela Rae, guitar Nic Clark, harp/vocals Evan Scott, keyboards Mike Uribe, drums Louie Uribe, bass player Audio Engineer: Lu Hutchinson Video by UW Television, Outreach Technology Services Camera/Editor: Ali Grossman, UWTV copyright 2011 |  Big Jim Adam at Snowy Range Music Festival 2011 Big Jim Adam and John Stilwagen perform "Paper Thin" on the acoustic stage at the opening night of the 2011 Snowy Range Music Festival in Laramie, Wyoming. Video by UW Television, Outreach Technology Services Camera/Editor: Ali Grossman, UWTV Audio Engineer: Lu Hutchinson copyright 2011 |  The Black Swan at the Free Range Music Festival Belfast, Maine 2012 |
 Bangor Daily News |
Bangor Daily News
Sun, 29 Apr 2012 12:10:47 -0700
If I could have cloned myself in order to hear more of the excellent music at the 2012 Belfast Free Range Musical, I'd have done so. As it was, the festival, held Saturday, April 28 in eight venues across Belfast, offered up a rich variety of genres ...
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Washington Examiner
Sat, 28 Apr 2012 06:03:06 -0700
Saturday's Free Range Music Festival, now in its third year, showcases original music. Acts represent a wide range of genres, and performers travel from all over the region and state for the event. Performances will take place at seven venues in the ...
|  Bar Harbor Times |
Bar Harbor Times
Mon, 30 Apr 2012 13:09:42 -0700
The Belfast Free Range Music Festival has a sunny, windy day for its third rendition April 28. Music fans braved the breeze and could be spotted walking between the downtown venues all day. The fest culminated in a HillyTown after party at Three Tides.
|  Press Herald |
Press Herald
Wed, 25 Apr 2012 18:02:24 -0700
7 pm Belfast Free Range Music Festival, more than 30 bands play original music at various locations, Belfast. $18 in advance; $20 day of show; $9 for children 12 and under. Schedule at freerangemusicfestival.com. 11:45 pm to about 11 pm Scarab: A ...
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Chicago Tribune
Thu, 03 May 2012 08:13:57 -0700
Slayer have joined the likes of Motorhead, AC/DC and Kiss to launch their very own red wine range, music site Lick Library said. The wine -- called "Reign In Blood" -- is currently only available in Sweden. "Sweden is a good market to start with.
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WCAX
Sat, 28 Apr 2012 08:02:20 -0700
Saturday's Free Range Music Festival, now in its third year, showcases original music. Acts represent a wide range of genres, and performers travel from all over the region and state for the event. Performances will take place at seven venues in the ...
|  Bangor Daily News |
Bangor Daily News
Thu, 26 Apr 2012 11:20:25 -0700
Heading towards the Midcoast, in my humble opinion, the biggest music event of the spring is the Belfast Free Range Music Festival, which is set for all day on Saturday in and around downtown Belfast. You can read the story I wrote earlier this week ...
|  Audio Ink Radio |
Audio Ink Radio
Mon, 07 May 2012 09:24:24 -0700
... with Slash– a special treat for Alter Bridge fans who get the album. In other Slash news, the guitarist will be performing at Rock on the Range music festival in Columbus, Ohio, on May 19 and Rocklahoma in Pryor, Okla., on May 25. (Photo: MSO Pr.)
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