Pearson PLC

Type	Public limited company
Traded as	LSE: PSON, NYSE: PSO
Industry	Media
Founded	1844
Founder(s)	Samuel Pearson
Headquarters	80 Strand London, United Kingdom
Key people	Glen Moreno (Chairman) John Fallon (CEO)
Products	Publishing (books, newspapers, magazines)
Services	Educational assessment School management Higher education
Revenue	£5.059 billion (2012)[1]
Operating income	£515 million (2012)[1]
Net income	£286 million (2012)[1]
Employees	37,000 (2010)[2]
Website	www.pearson.com

Pearson PLC is a British multinational publishing and education company headquartered in London. It is the largest education company and the largest book publisher in the world.^[3][4]

Pearson is organised into three main business groupings: Pearson Education (digital learning, education publishing and services including Poptropica and eCollege); Financial Times Group (business information, including the Financial Times newspaper); and Penguin Group (consumer publishing, including the Dorling Kindersley and Penguin Classics imprints). It also holds a 50% stake in the Economist Group.

Pearson has a primary listing on the London Stock Exchange and is a constituent of the FTSE 100 Index. It has a secondary listing on the New York Stock Exchange.

History[edit]

Origins[edit]

The company was founded by Samuel Pearson in 1844 as a building and engineering concern operating under the name of S. Pearson & Son.^[5] In 1880, control passed to his grandson Weetman Dickinson Pearson, an engineer, who in 1890 moved the business to London and turned it into one of the world's largest construction companies.^[5] The company built the Blackwall Tunnel between 1892 and 1897.^[6] In November 1915, the firm began construction of HM Factory, Gretna, the largest cordite factory in the UK during World War I.^[7]

20th century[edit]

In 1919, the firm acquired a 45% stake in the London branch of merchant bankers Lazard Brothers, an interest which was increased to 80% in 1932 during the depression years. Pearson continued to hold a 50% stake until 1999.^[8] In 1921, Pearson purchased a number of local newspapers in the United Kingdom, which it combined to form the Westminster Press.^[5] In 1957, it bought the Financial Times^[5] and acquired a 50% stake in The Economist. It purchased the publisher Longman in 1968.^[5]

The company was first listed on the London Stock Exchange in 1969.^[5] It went on to acquire Penguin Books in 1970,^[5] and in 1972, Ladybird Books. In 1986, Pearson participated in the British Satellite Broadcasting consortium. BSB merged with Sky Television, the new company being renamed British Sky Broadcasting (BSkyB), a few years later.^[9]

During the 1990s, Pearson acquired a number of TV production and broadcasting assets and sold most of its non-media assets, under the leadership of future U.S. Congressman Bob Turner. Pearson acquired the education division of Simon & Schuster in 1998 from Viacom ^[10] and merged it with its own education unit, Addison-Wesley Longman to form Pearson Education.

21st century[edit]

In September 2000, Pearson acquired National Computer Systems (NCS, Inc.) and entered the educational assessment and school management systems market in the United States.^[11] That same year, Pearson acquired Dorling Kindersley, the illustrated reference publisher and integrated it within Penguin.^[12] In 2002, Pearson purchased Rough Guides, the travel publisher, and brought it under Penguin. In that year, Pearson sold its TV production unit to form FremantleMedia.

In January 2003, Pearson sold its 22% stake in Luxembourg media conglomerate RTL Group, the largest commercial television and radio broadcaster in the EU.^[13] Also in 2003 it secured control of Edexcel.^[14] Pearson subsequently purchased a series of other testing and assessment businesses, beginning with Knowledge Technologies in 2004,^[15] AGS in 2005,^[16] and National Evaluation Systems^[17] and Promissor in 2006.^[18]

In April 2006, Pearson acquired National Evaluation Systems, Inc. (NES; Amherst, MA), a provider of customised state assessments for teacher certification in the US.^[19] In May 2007, Pearson announced that it had agreed to acquire Harcourt Assessment and Harcourt Education International from Reed Elsevier for $950m in cash.^[20] Pearson completed the acquisition of Harcourt Assessment on 30 January 2008, merging the acquired businesses into Pearson Assessment & Information.^[21] In that same year, Pearson acquired eCollege, a digital learning technology group for $477m.

In February 2008, Pearson announced the sale of its Pearson Data Management Division (formerly the scanner manufacturing and servicing division of NCS Inc.) to Scantron Corporation (part of M & F Worldwide) which had been its main competitor.^[22] Pearson acquired Wall Street English for $145m in 2009. In 2010, Pearson sold its 61% stake in Interactive Data to investment funds managed by Silver Lake Partners and Warburg Pincus for $2 billion. In the same year, Pearson acquired school learning systems division of Sistema Educacional Brasileiro (SEB) for $497m.

In July 2011 Pearson announced the creation of Pearson College, a British degree provider based in London and Manchester.^[23][24] Also in 2011, Pearson acquired Connections Education and agreed to sell its 50% stake in FTSE International Limited to the London Stock Exchange for £450 million. In May 2012 Pearson announced its pending acquisition of GlobalEnglish Corporation, a Silicon Valley, California Business English software and solutions company, in an all-cash transaction ^[25] and they were officially acquired by Pearson on July 5, 2012. As well, in October 2012, Pearson entered into talks with rival conglomerate Bertelsmann, over the possibility of combining their respective publishing companies, Penguin Group and Random House. The houses are considered two of the "Big Six" publishing companies.^[26] On 29 October 2012, Pearson said it would merge Penguin Books with Bertelsmann's Random House to create the world's biggest consumer book publisher.^[27]

Operations[edit]

80 Strand in London, the headquarters of Pearson

Pearson is organised into three main business groupings: Pearson Education (which comprises three main divisions: Pearson International Education, Pearson North American Education and Professional Education), Financial Times Group and Penguin Group.^[28] In 2011 Pearson generated total revenues of £5.9 billion, of which £4,390 million were from Pearson Education, £1,045 million from Penguin Group, and £427 million from Financial Times Group.^[28] In 2011, 60% of Pearson's revenues were generated in North America, 23% in Europe, 11% in Asia, and 6% in the rest of the world.^[28]

Pearson Education[edit]

Pearson Education was created in 1998 when Pearson purchased the education division of Simon & Schuster from Viacom and merged it with its own education division, Addison–Wesley Longman. Pearson Education provides textbooks and digital technologies to teachers and students across all ages. Pearson's education brands include Bug Club, Edexcel, Financial Times Publishing, Fronter, MyEnglishLab and BBC Active. Pearson's education brands in North America include Poptropica, eCollege, FT Press, MyLabs/Mastering, SAMS Publishing and Que Publishing.

Pearson Education is organised into three main divisions: Pearson International Education, Pearson North American Education and Professional Education. Pearson International is headquartered in London, UK, with offices across Europe, Asia and South America. Pearson North America is headquartered in Upper Saddle River, New Jersey with major business units based in San Francisco, Boston, Columbus, Indianapolis and Chandler. In 2011 Pearson International Education had revenues of £1,424 million, Pearson North American Education had revenues of £2,584 million and Professional Education had revenues of £382 million.^[28]

Financial Times Group[edit]

The FT Group provides business and financial news, data, comment and analysis, in print and online. FT Publishing includes: the Financial Times newspaper and FT.com website; a range of specialist financial magazines and online services; and Mergermarket, a financial data vendor.^[28]

The FT Group also has shareholdings in:

• Business Day and Financial Mail (BDFM) of South Africa (50% stake); and
• The Economist Group (50% stake).^[28]

Penguin Group[edit]

Penguin Group is an international consumer publisher, which includes imprints such as Allen Lane, Avery, Berkley Books, Dial, Dutton, Dorling Kindersley, Grosset & Dunlap, Hamish Hamilton, Ladybird, Plume, Puffin, Penguin, Putnam, Michael Joseph, Riverhead, Rough Guides, and Viking.^[28] Penguin publishes around 4,000 titles every year and its range of titles includes classics, reference volumes and children’s titles.

On 29 October 2012, Pearson said it would merge Penguin Group with Bertelsmann's Random House to create the world's biggest trade book publisher – Penguin Random House. Bertelsmann will own 53% and Pearson will own 47%.

Criticism[edit]

Edexcel is the only large examination board to be held in private hands. Edexcel's change from a charity to a profit-making company has led to criticisms and calls into question conflict of interest within the education system. As a part of Pearson (a private publisher) Edexcel has produced qualifications which link to Pearson texts, although Edexcel also continues to endorse textbooks published by other companies.^[14] Edexcel is regulated by Ofqual (the regulator for UK qualifications).

References[edit]

External links[edit]

	London portal
	Companies portal

• Pearson plc Official website
• Pearson PLC companies grouped at OpenCorporates

v t e Pearson PLC Financial Times Group The Banker The Economist Group (50%) fDi Financial Adviser Financial Times FT Mandate FTSE Group (50%) Investment Adviser Investors Chronicle Mergermarket Money Management PWM Vedomosti (33%) Pearson Education Pearson School Addison-Wesley AGS Globe BBC Active Causeway Press Celebration Press DDC Dominie Press Dorling Kindersley Family Education Network FunBrain Infoplease Poptropica Ginn Heinemann (outside US) Interstate Modern Curriculum Press Payne-Gallway Prentice Hall Rigby (outside US) Scott Foresman Silver Burdett York Notes Pearson Higher Education Addison-Wesley Allyn & Bacon Benjamin Cummings Longman Merrill Education Prentice Hall Pearson Professional Addison-Wesley Professional Adobe Press Apple Certified Allyn & Bacon Professional Cisco Press FT Press IBM Press InformIT Merrill Professional New Riders New York Institute of Finance Peachpit Pearson Assessment & Information Prentice Hall Professional Que Safari Books Online (50%) SAMS Publishing Pearson VUE Wharton Other Edexcel Pearson College Pearson Language Tests Wall Street Institute Penguin Group United Kingdom Allen Lane BBC Children's Books Dorling Kindersley Hamish Hamilton Ladybird Michael Joseph Penguin Penguin Classics Puffin Rough Guides Viking Warne United States Ace Alpha Author Solutions AuthorHouse iUniverse Trafford Wordclay Xlibris Avery Berkley Blue Rider Press BradyGames Current Dial Young Readers Dutton Dutton Children's Books Firebird Gotham Putnam Grosset & Dunlap HPBooks Hudson Street Jove New American Library Plume Roc Penguin The Penguin Press Perigee Philomel Portfolio Prentice Hall Press Price Stern Sloan Puffin Razorbill Riverhead Sentinel Speak Tarcher Viking Other 80 Strand Glen Moreno Weetman Pearson, 1st Viscount Cowdray Marjorie Scardino Category

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