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Weak neutral current interactions are one of the ways in which subatomic particles can interact by means of the weak force. These interactions are mediated by the Z boson. The discovery of weak neutral currents was a significant step toward the unification of electromagnetism and the weak force into the electroweak force, and led to the discovery of the W and Z bosons.

## Definition

The neutral current that gives the interaction its name is that of the interacting particles. For example, the neutral-current contribution to the ν
e
eν
e
e elastic scattering amplitude

$\mathfrak{M}^{\mathrm{NC}} \propto J_{\mu}^{\mathrm{(NC)}}(\nu_{\mathrm{e}}) \; J^{\mathrm{(NC)}\mu}(\mathrm{e^{-}})$

where the neutral currents describing the flow of the neutrino and of the electron are given by

$J^{\mathrm{(NC)}\mu}(f) = \bar{u}_{f}\gamma^{\mu}\frac{1}{2}\left(g^{f}_{V}-g^{f}_{A}\gamma^{5}\right)u_{f},$

and $g^{f}_{V}$ and $g^{f}_{A}$ are the vector and axial vector couplings for fermion $f$.

The Z boson can couple to any Standard Model particle, except gluons and photons. However, any interaction between two charged particles that can occur via the exchange of a virtual Z boson can also occur via the exchange of a virtual photon. Unless the interacting particles have energies on the order of the Z boson mass (91 GeV) or higher, the virtual Z boson exchange has an effect of a tiny correction ( $~(E/M_Z)^2$ ) to the amplitude of the electromagnetic process. Particle accelerators with energies necessary to observe neutral current interactions and to measure the mass of Z boson weren't available until 1983.

On the other hand, Z boson interactions involving neutrinos have distinctive signatures: They provide the only known mechanism for elastic scattering of neutrinos in matter; neutrinos are almost as likely to scatter elastically (via Z boson exchange) as inelastically (via W boson exchange). Weak neutral currents were predicted in 1973 by Abdus Salam, Sheldon Glashow and Steven Weinberg,[1] and confirmed shortly thereafter in 1974, in a neutrino experiment in the Gargamelle bubble chamber at CERN.

## References

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 The Past, Present and Future of Single Phase Metering In India Indian Power Sector News Fri, 17 May 2013 21:58:55 -0700 From electro mechanical meters the first development was static meters with ADE 7751 chips., being the first tolerant electronic meters by Analog Devices, monitoring both phase and neutral current and billing is based on the larger reading. Indian ... Consumer confidence increases in April Market Realist (blog) Wed, 01 May 2013 18:33:42 -0700 The respondents are asked whether the following conditions are positive, negative or neutral: current business conditions, current employment conditions, expected future business conditions, expected future employment conditions, and expectations for ... Here's what triggered fall in commodity prices Moneycontrol.com Sat, 20 Apr 2013 03:05:28 -0700 A: Overall, given the sharp selloff we have seen in the past week, we are currently on little bit more neutral current market levels. Aluminum and nickel are near their cost of production, so we don't expect much more declines in those areas. However ...
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