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| Maximilian Fretter-Pico | |
|---|---|
| Born | 6 February 1892 Karlsruhe |
| Died | 4 April 1984 (aged 92) Kreuth, Upper Bavaria |
| Allegiance |  German Empire (to 1918) Weimar Republic (to 1933) Nazi Germany |
| Service/branch | Heer |
| Years of service | 1910–1945 |
| Rank | General der Artillerie |
| Commands held | XXX. Armeekorps |
| Battles/wars | World War I World War II |
| Awards | Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves |
| Relations | Otto Fretter-Pico (brother) |
Maximilian Fretter-Pico (6 February 1892 – 4 April 1984) was a German general during World War II. He was also a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves. The Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross and its higher grade Oak Leaves was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership.
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Early life[edit]
Maximilian Fretter-Pico was born in Karlsruhe, Baden-Württemberg, Germany.
Military career[edit]
Fretter-Pico entered service on 20 September 1910 with the Imperial German Army's artillery units. He was a junior officer at the start of World War I. By the end of the war, he had been promoted to the rank of captain. During the inter-war years, he remained in the German military, reaching the rank of major by the time the Nazi Party came to power. In 1938, as a colonel, he was sent to Turkey as a military attaché. Although he was recalled to Germany for the outbreak of World War II in Europe, he missed the campaigns in Poland and France. In Mar 1941, he was promoted to the rank of major general.
At the start of Operation Barbarossa, Fretter-Pico was given command of the 97th Jäger Division in Army Group South. On 27 December 1941, he was given command of XXX Corps, which participated in the Battle of Sevastopol in southern Ukraine. He was known as a by-the-book general who lacked imagination, and thus his commanding officer Erich von Manstein did not rely upon him during the battle at Sevastopol. To prove himself, he launched an offensive at the southern end of the Russian defenses at Sevastopol. Although he made some minor advances, his attack caused too many casualties, and it was frowned upon by Manstein as Fretter-Pico engaged his forces in a piecemeal fashion instead of attempting to overwhelm the Russian defenses.
Fretter-Pico was promoted to the rank of lieutenant general on 15 January 1942, and a full general by June 1942. He remained the commanding officer of XXX Corps until mid-1944, and then commanded the 6th Army for the remainder of the year. On 30 March 1945, he was given command of IX Corps, an under-strength reserve unit. He was captured by American forces on 22 April 1945 and remained a prisoner until 1947.
Later life[edit]
Fretter-Pico died at Bad Wiessee in Bavaria, Germany.
Awards[edit]
- Eisernes Kreuz (1914) 2nd and 1st Class
- Wound Badge in Black (1918)
- Knight’s Cross 2nd Class of the Order of the Zähringer Lion with Swords
- Hanseatic Cross of Hamburg
- Clasp to the Eisernes Kreuz (1939) 2nd and 1st Class
- German Cross in Gold (19 September 1942)
- Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves
- Knight's Cross on 26 December 1941 as Generalmajor and commander of the 97. Infanterie-Division[1]
- 368th Oak leaves on 16 January 1944 as General der Artillerie and commanding general of the XXX. Armeekorps[1]
- Mentioned in the Wehrmachtbericht on 30 October 1944
Wehrmachtbericht reference[edit]
| Date | Original German Wehrmachtbericht wording | Direct English translation |
|---|---|---|
| 30 October 1944 | Im Raum von Debrecen haben deutsche und ungarische Truppen unter dem Oberbefehl des Generals der Infanterie Wöhler und des Generals der Artillerie Fretter-Pico in dreiwöchigen Kämpfen starke feindliche Kräfte vernichtend geschlagen und damit die vom Gegner angestrebte Umfassung der im Südostteil Ungarns stehenden deutschen und ungarischen Verbände vereitelt. | In the area of Debrecen, German and Hungarian troops under the command of General of Infantry Wöhler and the General of Artillery Fretter-Pico in three weeks of fighting defeated strong enemy forces and hindered the enemy intended intended encirclement of the in South Eastern part of Hungary standing German and Hungarian units. |
References[edit]
- Citations
- Bibliography
- Fellgiebel, Walther-Peer (2000). Die Träger des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939–1945. Podzun-Pallas. ISBN 3-7909-0284-5.
- Scherzer, Veit (2007). Ritterkreuzträger 1939–1945 Die Inhaber des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939 von Heer, Luftwaffe, Kriegsmarine, Waffen-SS, Volkssturm sowie mit Deutschland verbündeter Streitkräfte nach den Unterlagen des Bundesarchives (in German). Jena, Germany: Scherzers Miltaer-Verlag. ISBN 978-3-938845-17-2.
- Die Wehrmachtberichte 1939–1945 Band 3, 1. Januar 1944 bis 9. Mai 1945 (in German). München: Deutscher Taschenbuch Verlag GmbH & Co. KG, 1985. ISBN 3-423-05944-3.
External links[edit]
- Maximilian Fretter-Pico in the German National Library catalogue
- "Maximilian Fretter-Pico". Lexikon der Wehrmacht. Retrieved 26 February 2010.
| Military offices | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by General der Infanterie Sigismund von Förster |
Commander of 97. Infanterie-Division 15 April 1941 – 27 December 1941 |
Succeeded by Generalleutnant Ernst Rupp |
| Preceded by Generaloberst Hans von Salmuth |
Commander of XXX. Armeekorps 27 December 1941 – 4 July 1944 |
Succeeded by General der Kavallerie Philipp Kleffel |
| Preceded by General Maximilian de Angelis |
Commander of 6. Armee 17 July 1944 – 22 December 1944 |
Succeeded by General Hermann Balck |
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