| Grand Duke of Luxembourg | |
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| Monarchy | |
 Arms of His Royal Highness the Grand Duke of Luxembourg |
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| Incumbent: Henri |
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| Style: | His Royal Highness |
| Heir apparent: | Guillaume, Hereditary Grand Duke of Luxembourg |
| First monarch: | William I of the Netherlands |
| Formation: | 15 March 1815 |
| Residence: | Grand Ducal Palace in Luxembourg |
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| Website: | www.monarchie.lu (french only) |
The Grand Duke of Luxembourg is the monarchial head of state of Luxembourg. Luxembourg has been a grand duchy since 15 March 1815, when it was elevated from a duchy, and was in personal union with the Netherlands until 1890. Since 1815, there have been nine monarchs of Luxembourg, including the incumbent, Henri.
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Constitutional role [edit]
The Constitution of Luxembourg defines the Grand Duke's position:
| “ | The Grand Duke is the head of state, symbol of its unity, and guarantor of national independence. He exercises executive power in accordance with the Constitution and the laws of the country.[1] | ” |
After a constitutional change in December 2008 resulting from Henri's refusal to sign a law legalizing euthanasia, laws now take effect without the grand duke's approval.[2] As a result, the grand duke is no longer even the nominal chief executive.
Succession [edit]
Succession to the throne is governed by Salic law, as dictated by the Nassau Family Pact, first adopted on 30 June 1783.[1] A change in the succession laws introduced equal primogeniture beginning with the descendants of Grand Duke Henri. The right to reign over Luxembourg was until June 2011 passed by agnatic-cognatic primogeniture within the House of Nassau, as stipulated under the 1815 Final Act of the Congress of Vienna and as confirmed by the 1867 Treaty of London.[1] The Nassau Family Pact itself can be amended by the usual legislative process, having been so on 10 July 1907 to exclude the Count of Merenberg branch of the House, which was descended from a morganatic marriage.[3]
If there is a male heir apparent, he may be granted the style 'Hereditary Grand Duke'. The current heir is Hereditary Grand Duke Guillaume. In June 2011, the agnatic-cognatic primogeniture was dropped in favor of absolute primogeniture, allowing any legitimate female descendants within the House of Nassau to be included in the line of succession.[4]
Full titles [edit]
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| This article is part of the series: Politics and government of Luxembourg |
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Monarchy
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Foreign policy
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The current Grand Duke, Henri, bears the full style "His Royal Highness by the Grace of God, Grand Duke of Luxembourg, Duke of Nassau, Count Palatine of the Rhine, Count of Sayn, Königstein, Katzenelnbogen and Diez, Burgrave of Hammerstein, Lord of Mahlberg, Wiesbaden, Idstein, Merenberg, Limburg and Eppstein." It should, however, be noted that many of the titles are held without regard to the strict rules of Salic inheritance.
List of Grand Dukes [edit]
Since 1815, there have been seven Grand Dukes of Luxembourg and two Grand Duchesses regnant of Luxembourg:
- William I (1815–1840)
- William II (1840–1849)
- William III (1849–1890)
- Adolphe (1890–1905)
- William IV (1905–1912)
- Marie-Adélaïde (1912–1919)
- Charlotte (1919–1964)
- Jean (1964–2000)
- Henri (2000–present)
See also [edit]
Footnotes [edit]
- ^ a b c (French) "Constitution de Luxembourg" (PDF). Service central de législation. Retrieved 2007-07-01.
- ^ "Luxembourg strips monarch of legislative role". The Guardian (London). 12 December 2008. Retrieved 4 May 2010.
- ^ (French)/(German) "Mémorial A, 1907, No. 37" (PDF). Service central de législation. Retrieved 2008-01-14.
- ^ "New Ducal succession rights for Grand Duchy". Luxemburger Wort. 21 June 2011. Retrieved 11 July 2011.
References [edit]
- (French) "Constitution de Luxembourg" (PDF). Service central de législation. Retrieved 2008-01-14.
External links [edit]
- www.monarchie.lu (french only)
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