Federalist No. 37 is an essay by James Madison, the thirty-seventh of the Federalist Papers. It was published on January 11, 1788 under the pseudonym Publius, the name under which all the Federalist Papers were published. This paper discusses some of the political questions raised at the constitutional convention. It is titled, "Concerning the Difficulties of the Convention in Devising a Proper Form of Government."
In federalist paper no. 37, Madison pointed out the difficulties that loomed over the Convention. One such problem was the question of the authority of the state versus the liberty of the people.
He wrote, "Energy in government is essential to that security against external and internal danger and to that prompt and salutary execution of the law, which enter into the very definition of good government. Stability in government is essential to national character. . . On comparing, however, these valuable ingredients with the vital principles of liberty, we must perceive at once the difficulty of mingling them in their due proportions."
He pointed out other issues that faced the convention, such as the division of powers between the central government and the States, the large and small States, and between regions of the country.
In closing he points out that it should be pleasing that an agreement was reached. That the framers were able to put aside various differences and agree on a common form of government.
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