Learn and talk about Environmental statistics, Environmental statistics, Fields of application of statistics

Environmental statistics is the application of statistical methods to environmental science. It covers procedures for dealing with questions concerning both the natural environment in its undistrurbed state and the interaction of humanity with the environment. Thus weather, climate, air and water quality are included, as are studies of plant and animal populations.

Environmental statistics covers a number of types of study:^[1]

Baseline studies to document the present state of an environment to provide background in case of unknown changes in the future;
Targeted studies to describe the likely impact of changes being planned or of accidental occurrences;
Regular monitoring to attempt to detect changes in the environment.

References [edit]

^ Manly B.F.J. (2001) Statistics for Environmental Science and Management, Chapman & Hall/CRC. ISBN 1-58488-029-5

External resources [edit]

International Journal of Ecological Economics & Statistics (IJEES)

Statistics

Descriptive statistics

Continuous data

Location	Mean (Arithmetic, Geometric, Harmonic) Median Mode

Dispersion	Range Standard deviation Coefficient of variation Percentile Interquartile range

Shape	Variance Skewness Kurtosis Moments L-moments

Count data

Index of dispersion

Summary tables

Dependence

Statistical graphics

Data collection

Designing studies	Effect size Standard error Statistical power Sample size determination

Survey methodology	Sampling Stratified sampling Opinion poll Questionnaire

Controlled experiment	Design of experiments Randomized experiment Random assignment Replication Blocking Factorial experiment Optimal design

Uncontrolled studies	Natural experiment Quasi-experiment Observational study

Statistical inference

Statistical theory	Sampling distribution Order statistics Sufficiency Completeness Exponential family Permutation test (Randomization test) Empirical distribution Bootstrap U statistic Efficiency Asymptotics Robustness

Frequentist inference	Unbiased estimator (Mean unbiased minimum variance, Median unbiased) Biased estimators (Maximum likelihood, Method of moments, Minimum distance, Density estimation) Confidence interval Testing hypotheses Power Parametric tests (Likelihood-ratio, Wald, Score)

Specific tests	Z (normal) Student's t-test F Chi-squared Signed-rank (1-sample, 2-sample, 1-way anova) Shapiro–Wilk Kolmogorov–Smirnov

Bayesian inference	Bayesian probability Prior Posterior Credible interval Bayes factor Bayesian estimator Maximum posterior estimator

Correlation and regression analysis

Correlation	Pearson product–moment correlation Partial correlation Confounding variable Coefficient of determination

Regression analysis	Errors and residuals Regression model validation Mixed effects models Simultaneous equations models

Linear regression	Simple linear regression Ordinary least squares General linear model Bayesian regression

Non-standard predictors	Nonlinear regression Nonparametric Semiparametric Isotonic Robust

Generalized linear model	Exponential families Logistic (Bernoulli) Binomial Poisson

Partition of variance	Analysis of variance (ANOVA) Analysis of covariance Multivariate ANOVA Degrees of freedom

Categorical, multivariate, time-series, or survival analysis

Categorical data

Multivariate statistics

Time series analysis

General	Decomposition Trend Stationarity Seasonal adjustment

Time domain	ACF PACF XCF ARMA model ARIMA model Vector autoregression

Frequency domain	Spectral density estimation

Survival analysis

Applications

Biostatistics	Bioinformatics Clinical trials & studies Epidemiology Medical statistics

Engineering statistics	Chemometrics Methods engineering Probabilistic design Process & Quality control Reliability System identification

Social statistics	Actuarial science Census Crime statistics Demography Econometrics National accounts Official statistics Population Psychometrics

Spatial statistics	Cartography Environmental statistics Geographic information system Geostatistics Kriging

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Environmental statistics

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