Energy in France describes energy and electricity production, consumption and import in France. Energy policy of France will describe more in detail the politics of France related to energy. Electricity sector in France is the main article of electricity in France.
Contents |
Overview [edit]
| Energy in France [1] | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Capita | Prim. energy | Production | Import | Electricity | CO2-emission | |
| Million | TWh | TWh | TWh | TWh | Mt | |
| 2004 | 62.2 | 3,200 | 1,598 | 1,633 | 478 | 387 |
| 2007 | 63.6 | 3,067 | 1,575 | 1,580 | 481 | 369 |
| 2008 | 64.1 | 3,099 | 1,589 | 1,621 | 494 | 368 |
| 2009 | 64.5 | 2,980 | 1,506 | 1,563 | 483 | 354 |
| Change 2004-2009 | 3.7% | -6.9 % | -5.8 % | -4.3 % | 1.1% | -8.4 % |
| Mtoe = 11.63 TWh, Prim. energy includes energy losses that are 2/3 for nuclear power[2] | ||||||
Companies [edit]
Électricité de France (EDF) is the main electricity generation and distribution company in France. It was founded on April 8, 1946 as a result of the nationalisation of a number of electricity producers, transporters and distributors by the Communist Minister of Industrial Production Marcel Paul. Until November 19, 2004 it was a government corporation, but it is now a limited-liability corporation under private law (société anonyme). The French government partially floated shares of the company on the Paris Stock Exchange in November 2005,[3] although it retains almost 85% ownership as of the end of 2007.[4]
EDF held a monopoly in the distribution, but not the production, of electricity in France until 1999, when the first European Commission directive to harmonize regulation of electricity markets was implemented.
EDF is one of the world's largest producers of electricity. In 2003, it produced 22% of the European Union's electricity, primarily from nuclear power:
- nuclear: 74.5%
- hydro-electric: 16.2%
- thermal: 9.2%
- wind power and other renewable sources: 0.1%
A report was published in 2011 by the World Energy Council in association with Oliver Wyman, entitled Policies for the future: 2011 Assessment of country energy and climate policies, which ranks country performance according to an energy sustainability index.[5] The best performers were Switzerland, Sweden, and France.
Renewable energy [edit]
![[icon]](http://wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg){kind=small} |
This section requires expansion. (October 2008) |
Piper Jaffray expected strong growth in France in 2009 and 2010, partly because of an expected decline in the price of solar panels and partly because of subsidies introduced in 2006 making themselves felt. France should be a key driver for solar together with Italy during 2009-2010. Piper Jaffray believes that France would add 500 megawatts of capacity in both 2009 and 2010. France has just 50 megawatts of solar power capacity now.[6]
Hydroelectric dams in France include Eguzon dam, Étang de Soulcem, and Lac de Vouglans.
Wind farms [edit]
On January 25, 2011, President Nicolas Sarkozy confirmed the tendering process to build France's first five offshore wind farms, expected to have a capacity of 3GW and to be sited off the Atlantic coast between Saint-Nazaire and Dieppe/Le Tréport.[7][8] Tender documents were to be sent out on April 1, with the winning bid announced in early 2012.[8] A second round of bidding to provide a further 3GW of capacity is expected in 2012.[8]
| EU and France Wind Energy Capacity (MW)[9][10][11][12] | ||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No | Country | 2012 | 2011 | 2010 | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | 2006 | 2005 | 2004 | 2003 | 2002 | 2001 | 2000 | 1999 | 1998 |
| - | EU-27 | 105,696 | 93,957 | 84,074 | 74,767 | 64,712 | 56,517 | 48,069 | 40,511 | 34,383 | 28,599 | 23,159 | 17,315 | 12,887 | 9,678 | 6,453 |
| 5 | France | 7,196 | 6,800 | 5,660 | 4,492 | 3,404 | 2,454 | 1,567 | 757 | 390 | 257 | 148 | 93 | 66 | 25 | 19 |
See also [edit]
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Category:Energy in France |
References [edit]
- ^ IEA Key World Energy Statistics 2011, 2010, 2009, 2006 IEA October, crude oil p.11, coal p. 13 gas p. 15
- ^ Energy in Sweden 2010, Facts and figures, The Swedish Energy Agency, Table 8 Losses in nuclear power stations Table 9 Nuclear power brutto
- ^ Bennhold, Katrin (21 November 2005). "EDF shares fail to light up market". International Herald Tribune. Retrieved 2008-07-11.
- ^ "Shareholding policy". Électricité de France. 31 December 2007. Retrieved 2008-07-11.
- ^ http://www.worldenergy.org/publications/3800.asp
- ^ http://www.solid-state.com/display_news/166815/5/HOME/Spanish_subsidy_cuts_to_pinch_solar_firms
- ^ Sarkozy confirms €10bn offshore wind plan BusinessGreen, published 2011-01-25, accessed 2011-05-10
- ^ a b c Wind energy fans welcome sarkozy plans but question timing Actmedia, published 2011-01-27, accessed 2011-05-10
- ^ EWEA Staff (2010). "Cumulative installed capacity per EU Member State 1998 - 2009 (MW)". European Wind Energy Association. Retrieved 2010-05-22.
- ^ EWEA Staff (February 2011). "EWEA Annual Statistics 2010". European Wind Energy Association. Retrieved 2011-01-31.
- ^ EWEA Staff (February 2012). "EWEA Annual Statistics 2011". European Wind Energy Association. Retrieved 2011-02-18.
- ^ Wind in power: 2012 European statistics February 2013
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