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Elihu Vedder
Elihu Vedder, 1870
Born	(1836-02-26)February 26, 1836 New York City
Died	January 29, 1923(1923-01-29) (aged 86) Rome, Italy
Spouse	Caroline Rosekrans
Nationality	American
Field	Drawing Oil painting Mural painting
Movement	Realism; Pre-Raphaelites
Influenced by	Tompkins Harrison Matteson; François-Édouard Picot

Elihu Vedder (February 26, 1836 – January 29, 1923) was an American symbolist painter, book illustrator, and poet, born in New York City.

He is best known for his fifty-five illustrations for Edward FitzGerald's translation of The Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam (deluxe edition, published by Houghton Mifflin).

Biography [edit]

Daguerreotype of Vedder as a schoolboy in 1847

Elihu Vedder was born February 26, 1836 in New York City, the son of Dr. Elihu Vedder Sr. and Elizabeth Vedder. ^[1] His parents were cousins. His father, a dentist, decided to try his luck in Cuba, and this had a profound impact on Elihu Jr.'s childhood. The remainder of his childhood was spent between his maternal grandfather Alexander Vedder's house in Schenectady and a boarding school. His mother supported his goals to be an artist while his father reluctantly assented, convinced that his son should try a different occupation. His brother, Dr. Alexander Madison Vedder, was a Navy surgeon who witnessed the transformation of Japan into a modern culture while he was stationed there.

Vedder trained in New York City with Tompkins H. Matteson, then in Paris with François-Édouard Picot. Finally, he completed his studies in Italy - where he was strongly influenced not only by Italian Renaissance work but also by the modern Macchiaioli painters and the living Italian landscape.^[1] He first visited Italy from 1858 until 1860, becoming deeply emotionally attached to fellow painter Giovanni Costa. Their idyllic trips through the Italian countryside were cut short because Vedder's father cut off his financial allowance.

Dancing Girl, oil on canvas, 1871. Reynolds House Museum of American Art

Vedder returned to the USA, penniless, during the American Civil War, and made a small living by undertaking commercial illustrations. He was involved in the bohemian 'Pfaff's' coffee house group, and painted some of his most memorable paintings notable for their visionary nature, romantic imagery and often Oriental influences. Paintings of this time include 'The Roc's Egg', 'The Fisherman and the Genii' and one of his most famous works, 'Lair of the Sea Serpent.' In the USA he sought out and became friends with Walt Whitman, Herman Melville and William Morris Hunt. Vedder became a member of the American Academy of Arts and Letters in 1865.

At the end of the Civil War, he left America to live in Italy. He married Caroline Rosekrans on July 13, 1869 in Glen Falls, New York. Elihu Vedder and his wife had four children, only two of whom survived. His daughter Anita Herriman Vedder played a vital role in handling the business of her father, who was notorious for his general aloofness towards details. Elihu's son Enoch Rosekrans Vedder was a promising architect who married jewelry designer Angela Reston. Enoch died while visiting his parents in Italy on April 2, 1916. Elihu had a home in Rome and - after the financial success of his 1884Rubaiyat work - on the Isle of Capri, then a haven for male aesthetes.

Vedder visited England many times, and was influenced by the Pre-Raphaelites, and was a friend of Simeon Solomon. He was also influenced by the work of English and Irish mystics such as William Blake and William Butler Yeats. In 1890 Vedder helped establish the In Arte Libertas group in Italy.

Tiffany commissioned him to design glassware, mosaics and statuettes for the company. He decorated the hallway of the Reading Room of the Washington Library of Congress, and his mural paintings can still be seen there.

Vedder occasionally returned to the United States, but lived only in Italy from 1906 until his death on January 29, 1923. He is buried in the Protestant Cemetery, Rome.^[2]

Exhibitions [edit]

In 2008, the Smithsonian American Art Museum organized an exhibition of Vedder's Rubaiyat illustrations that toured several museums, including the Phoenix Art Museum.^[3]

Gallery [edit]

• 

  The Questioner of the Sphinx (1863)

• 

  9th study for The miller, his son and the donkey (1867/8)

• 

  The Sun God (1882)

• 

  The Pleiades (1885)

• 

  Corrupt Legislation (1896)

• 

  Government (1896)

• 

  Peace and Prosperity (1896)

• 

  Minerva, 1896 (preparatory study)

• 

  Minerva, 1896 (mosaic at the Library of Congress

References [edit]

Attribution

 Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Vedder, Elihu". Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. 

Further reading [edit]

• Soria, Regina (1970). Elihu Vedder: American Visionary Artist in Rome. Madison, NJ: Fairleigh Dickinson University Press. ISBN 0-8386-6906-9. 
• Taylor, Joshua C. (1979). Perceptions and Evocations: The Art of Elihu Vedder. Smithsonian Books. ISBN 0-87474-902-6. 
• Vedder, Elihu (1910). The Digressions of V. New York: Houghton Mifflin. 
• Vedder, Elihu (January 1910). "Reminiscences Of An American Painter I: Art Education Fifty Years Ago". The World's Work: A History of Our Time XIX: 12459–12470. Retrieved 2009-07-10. 
• Vedder, Elihu (February 1910). "Reminiscences Of An American Painter II: Florentine Years In Retrospect". The World's Work: A History of Our Time XIX: 12559–12570. Retrieved 2009-07-10. 
• Vedder, Elihu (March 1910). "Reminiscences Of An American Painter III: New York In War Time". The World's Work: A History of Our Time XIX: 12684–12694. Retrieved 2009-07-10. 
• Vedder, Elihu (April 1910). "Reminiscences Of An American Painter Last Article: Paris and Rome". The World's Work: A History of Our Time XIX: 12815–12824. Retrieved 2009-07-10. 
• Vedder, Elihu (1914). Miscellaneous Moods in Verse: One Hundred and One Poems with Illustrations. Boston: Porter E. Sargent. 
• Vedder, Elihu (1922). Doubt and Other Things. Boston: Porter E. Sargent. 

External links [edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Elihu Vedder

• www.ElihuVedder.org 80 works online at Elihu Vedder virtual Gallery
• Artcyclopedia: Elihu Vedder Online
• Smithsonian Archives of American Art: The Elihu Vedder Papers