Drohobych Ghetto or Drohobycz Ghetto was a World War II ghetto created by Nazi Germany in occupied Poland after the Nazi takeover of the region in Operation Barbarossa. The ghetto was liquidated in February, August, October and November 1942, when all Jews of Drohobycz were transported in Holocaust trains to the Belzec extermination camp.^[1]

Ghettos in occupied Poland (marked with red-gold stars)

Soviet occupation zone [edit]

Before the Nazi-Soviet invasion of Poland, Drohobycz (Drohobych) was a provincial city in the Second Polish Republic, the seat of Drohobycz county with an area of 1,499 km² and population of around 194,400. It belonged to Lwów Voivodeship region of south-eastern Kresy, with a sizable Jewish population; exceeding that of Ukrainian and Polish. Nowadays it is a city located in the Lviv Oblast (province) of western Ukraine. Drohobycz was the scene of Nazi atrocities against the local Jewish population concentrated within a newly-established ghetto in the city.^[2]

Following the invasion of Poland in September 1939, the city was attached to Soviet Ukraine under the terms of the Ribbentrop-Molotov pact when the territory of the interwar Poland was divided between the Nazi Germany and the USSR. In Soviet Ukraine Drohobych became a center of the Drohobych Oblast (province). Its local Polish boyscouts created the White Couriers organization, which in late 1939 and early 1940 smuggled hundreds of people from Soviet Union to Hungary, across the Soviet-Hungarian border in the Carpathians.

The Nazi conquest [edit]

In early July 1941, during the first weeks of the Nazi invasion of the USSR, the city was occupied by Nazi Germany. As Drohobych had a significant Jewish population, it became the site of a large, open type ghetto housing around 10,000 Jews.^[3] The Nazis liquidated the ghetto before the end of 1942 by waves of mass deportations to Belzec extermination camp.^[4] Hundreds were executed by firing squads. One of the most notable persons detained and killed in the ghetto was Bruno Schulz. On August 6, 1944, Drohobych was liberated by the forces of the Red Army.^[5] Survivors include the writer Irene Frisch and her sister Pola Arbiser.

Notes [edit]

v t e Einsatzgruppen Director Reinhard Heydrich Ernst Kaltenbrunner Commanders and higher authorities Humbert Achamer-Pifrader Erich von dem Bach-Zelewski Rudolf Batz Ernst Biberstein Wolfgang Birkner Paul Blobel Walter Blume Friedrich-Wilhelm Bock Otto Bradfisch Werner Braune Fritz Dietrich Erich Ehrlinger Wilhelm Fuchs Karl Jäger Friedrich Jeckeln Heinz Jost Waldemar Klingelhöfer Wolfgang Kügler Rudolf Lange Erich Naumann Arthur Nebe Otto Ohlendorf Hans-Adolf Prützmann Otto Rasch Walter Rauff Martin Sandberger Hermann Schaper Karl Eberhard Schöngarth Franz Six Franz Walter Stahlecker Eduard Strauch Bruno Streckenbach Martin Weiss Udo von Woyrsch Members and others August Becker Emil Haussmann Felix Landau Albert Widmann Notable collaborators Viktors Arājs Herberts Cukurs Konrāds Kalējs Methods and documentation The Black Book Commissar Order Gas van Generalplan Ost Jäger Report Korherr Report Special Prosecution Book-Poland Involved organizations SS RSHA SD Orpo Arajs Kommando Estonian Auxiliary Police Latvian Auxiliary Police Lithuanian Security Police TDA 8th SS Cavalry Division Florian Geyer Rollkommando Hamann Schutzmannschaft Ukrainian Auxiliary Police Volksdeutscher Selbstschutz Ypatingasis būrys Crimes by country Poland Operation Tannenberg Intelligenzaktion AB-Aktion Operation Reinhard Lithuania Ninth Fort Kaunas June 1941 Kaunas 29 October 1941 Ninth Fort November 1941 Ponary Latvia Burning of the Riga synagogues Dünamünde Action Jelgava Pogulianski Rumbula Liepāja (Šķēde) Estonia Kalevi-Liiva Belarus Łachwa Ghetto Minsk Ghetto Slutsk Affair Ukraine Babi Yar Drobitsky Yar Drohobych Kamianets-Podilskyi Lviv pogroms Mizocz Ghetto Odessa Russia Gully of Petrushino Zmievskaya Balka Lokot Autonomy The Holocaust Einsatzkommando Einsatzgruppen Trial

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