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Cathinone[pronunciation?], or benzoylethanamine (marketed as hagigat in Israel[1]), is a monoamine alkaloid found in the shrub Catha edulis (khat) and is chemically similar to ephedrine, cathine and other amphetamines. Cathinone induces the release of dopamine from striatal preparations that are prelabelled either with dopamine or its precursors.[2] It is probably the main contributor to the stimulant effect of Catha edulis. Cathinone differs from many other amphetamines in that it has a ketone functional group. Other amphetamines that share this structure include the antidepressant bupropion and the stimulant methcathinone, among others.
Internationally, cathinone is a Schedule I drug under the Convention on Psychotropic Substances.[3] Circa 1993, the DEA added cathinone to the Controlled Substances Act's Schedule I.
The sale of khat is legal in some jurisdictions, but illegal in others — see Khat (Regulation). Synthetic cathinone is also often used as the key ingredient of recreational drug mixes commonly known as 'bath salts' in the United States.[4]
Chemistry [edit]
The molecular structure of cathinone.
Cathinone is structurally related to methcathinone, in much the same way as amphetamine is related to methamphetamine. Cathinone differs from amphetamine by possessing a ketone oxygen atom (C=O) on the β (beta) position of the side chain. The corresponding alcohol compound cathine is a less powerful stimulant. The biophysiological conversion from cathinone to cathine is to blame for the depotentiation of khat leaves over time. Fresh leaves have a greater ratio of cathinone to cathine than dried ones, therefore having more psychoactive effects.
Cathinone can be extracted from Catha edulis, or synthesized from α-bromopropiophenone (which is easily made from propiophenone).
See also [edit]
References [edit]
External links [edit]
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* Note that MAO-B inhibitors also influence norepinephrine/epinephrine levels since they inhibit the breakdown of their precursor dopamine.
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- Adamantanes: Amantadine
- Memantine
- Rimantadine; Aminotetralins: 7-OH-DPAT
- 8-OH-PBZI
- Rotigotine
- UH-232; Benzazepines: 6-Br-APB
- Fenoldopam
- SKF-38,393
- SKF-77,434
- SKF-81,297
- SKF-82,958
- SKF-83,959; Ergolines: Bromocriptine
- Cabergoline
- Dihydroergocryptine
- Epicriptine
- Lisuride
- LSD
- Pergolide; Dihydrexidine derivatives: 2-OH-NPA
- A-86,929
- Ciladopa
- Dihydrexidine
- Dinapsoline
- Dinoxyline
- Doxanthrine; Others: A-68,930
- A-77636
- A-412,997
- ABT-670
- ABT-724
- Aplindore
- Apomorphine
- Aripiprazole
- Bifeprunox
- BP-897
- CY-208,243
- Dizocilpine
- Etilevodopa
- Flibanserin
- Ketamine
- Melevodopa
- Modafinil
- Pardoprunox
- Phencyclidine
- PD-128,907
- PD-168,077
- PF-219,061
- Piribedil
- Pramipexole
- Propylnorapomorphine
- Pukateine
- Quinagolide
- Quinelorane
- Quinpirole
- RDS-127
- Ro10-5824
- Ropinirole
- Rotigotine
- Roxindole
- Salvinorin A
- SKF-89,145
- Sumanirole
- Terguride
- Umespirone
- WAY-100,635
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 "KHAT" KNOWN EFFECTS SOMALI'S Khat (pronounced COT) is known by over 40 different street names including, kat, qat, chat, gat, graba, tohai, tschat, and mirraa. Khat is a stimulant derive... |  CATHINONE A school project.... XD. |  Apa sebenarnya zat Cathinone yang diduga dikomsumsi oleh Raffi Ahmad - Silet 5 Febuari 2013 http://www.cumicumi.com/videos/109/silet/index/2013/02/05.html. |  Badan Narkotika Musnahkan Pohon Mengandung Cathinone PUSAT BERITA —Bogor: Badan Narkotika Kabupaten Bogor, Jawa Barat, memusnahkan sejumlah pohon yang diduga mengandung psikotropika jenis Cathinone. Tumbuhan in... |  Dilarang di Luar Negeri, Cathinone di Racik di Indonesia Cathinone, Narkoba jenis baru yang digunakan Raffi Ahmad dkk, sudah dilarang sejak lama di negara-negara Uni-Eropa dan Amerika. Namun mengapa di Indonesia be... |  Apa itu Cathinone? PUSAT BERITA —Jakarta, (tvOne). Badan Narkotika Nasional (BNN) menyatakan tujuh dari 17 orang yang ditangkap di rumah Artis Raffi Ahmad pada Minggu, (27/1) p... |  EFEK BATH SALTS MEMBUAT MANUSIA TIDAK MAMPU MENGENDALIKAN DIRI...! BATH SALT ATAU GARAM KAMAR MANDI( PENGHARUM KAMAR MANDI) biasanya mengandung cathinone, methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV), methylone atau mephedrone, namun, ... |  cathinone narkotika jenis-baru - Vivanews BNN menyatakan 7 dari 17 orang yang ditangkap di rumah Raffi Ahmad terbukti positif mengkonsumsi narkotika jenis baru, Cathinone. Sumber : Vivanews. |  Apa efek dari pemakaian zat Cathinone yang dipakai Raffi Ahmad - Silet 6 Feb 2013 http://www.cumicumi.com/videos/109/silet/index/2013/02/06/seg_3.html. |  Dimephedrone | 3,4-DMMC http://www.buzz-wholesale.com 3,4-DMMC is also known as 3,4-dimethylmethcathinone, 3,4-trimethylcathinone or 1-(3,4-Dimethylphenyl)-2-(methylamino)propan-1-o... |
 UPI.com |
UPI.com
Tue, 21 May 2013 15:10:18 -0700
Cathinone is structurally related to methcathinone, in much the same way as amphetamine is related to methamphetamine. Cathinone differs from amphetamine by possessing a ketone oxygen atom on the beta position of the side chain. Because its chemical ...
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SILive.com
Tue, 21 May 2013 04:13:10 -0700
Khat refers to cathinone, a Schedule 1 controlled substance in the United States. It is most typically chewed to experience euphoria and stimulation, though federal authorities say side effects can range from anorexia to heart disease and hypertension, ...
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Phys.Org (press release)
Fri, 17 May 2013 13:56:19 -0700
Bath salts refers to an emerging family of drugs containing one or more synthetic chemicals related to cathinone, an amphetamine-like stimulant found naturally in the Khat plant. She looked at three possible effects: mortality, feeding patterns and ...
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ABC Online
Fri, 10 May 2013 14:41:56 -0700
... of cocaine or amphetamines. This never happens in South America as metabolically once one is off the cocaine high one can easily fall asleep. It is the same with the world's second best stimulant Khat.... active ingedient cathinone. Reply Alert ...
|  PR Web (press release) |
PR Web (press release)
Thu, 09 May 2013 00:22:24 -0700
Research indicates that use of the mind-altering drug Khat causes serious side effects to brain chemistry and leaves a person craving its addictive taste. Pronounced “cot,” Khat contains cathinone, a controlled substance with no recognized therapeutic use.
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Lake County News Sun
Thu, 02 May 2013 14:13:20 -0700
Lake County Metropolitan Enforcement Group (MEG) received a tip that Mohamed would be at Lake Forest Pack and Ship, located at 736 N. Western Ave., Lake Forest, to receive three boxes of cathinone, Lake County State's Attorney spokeswoman Cynthia ...
|  The Guardian |
The Guardian
Fri, 26 Apr 2013 14:01:48 -0700
It was a cathinone: a drug in the amphetamine family that occupied a sweet spot between the bonhomie of ecstasy and the brittle buzz of cocaine. Most of all, it was legal. In recession-hit Britain in 2009, when cocaine purity had plummeted and ecstasy ...
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Psychiatric Times
Tue, 30 Apr 2013 07:24:31 -0700
Speaking of these drugs as a homogenous group (and the only time this article doesn't do this, the information provided is factually wrong or misleading) is of dubious value, as anyone who has ever prescribed bupropion (another substituted cathinone ...
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