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Coordinates: 29°46′40″N 51°34′15″E / 29.77778°N 51.57083°E / 29.77778; 51.57083
Irano-Roman floor mosaic detail from the palace of Shapur I at Bishapur
Bishapur (or Bishâpûr) is an ancient city situated south of modern Faliyan, Iran on the ancient road between Persis and Elam. The road linked the Sassanid capitals Istakhr (very close to Persepolis) and Ctesiphon. Bishapur is in the kazerun.
Bishapur was built near a river crossing and at the same site there is also a fort with rock-cut reservoirs and a river valley with six Sassanid rock reliefs.
[edit] History
According to an inscription, the city itself was founded in 266 by Shapur I (241-272), who was the second Sassanid king, restored the borders of the empire to where they had been in the Achaemenid Persian period, inflicting a triple defeat on the Romans. In his native province of Fars, he built a new capital that would measure up to his ambitions: Bishapur, Shapur's City. Outside the city, Shapur decorated the sides of the Bishapur River gorge with huge historical reliefs commemorating his triple triumph over Rome. One of these reliefs, in a semicircular shape, has rows of registers with files of soldiers and horses, in a deliberate imitation of the narrative scenes on the Trajan column in Rome. At Bishapur the king also inaugurated the Sassanid imagery of the king's investiture, which would be copied by his successors: the king and the god are face to face, often on horseback, and the god - usually Ahura Mazda - is holding the royal diadem out to the sovereign.
The city, as the remarkable dam bridge in Shushtar, was built by Roman soldiers who had been captured after Valerian I's defeat in 260. However, it was not a completely new settlement: archaeologists have found remains from the Parthian and Elamite ages.
The city remained important until the Arabian invasions and the rise of Islam in the second quarter of the 7th century. There were still people living there in the 10th century.
[edit] Sumptuous decoration
The main part of the excavations took place in the royal sector, in the east of the city. A fire altar, sometimes interpreted as a shrine to Anahita, was erected near the palace. In the center there is a cross-shaped space with eight large square exedrae decorated with 64 alcoves. The French excavators believed it had been covered with a dome roof, but this reconstruction has been rejected. To the west lies a courtyard decorated with mosaics; to the east, a square iwan used as a reception room. Its walls must have been covered with small stucco ornaments: rows of medallions, bands of foliage, and topped with merlons inherited from Achaemenid architecture. All these decorative techniques were still used after the Islamic conquest of Iran. The floor was paved with black marble slabs, with a mosaic border. Along the walls runs a narrow band featuring a series of heads and masks, in a frontal or profile view, on a white background. At the top of each alcove there was a picture of women naked under their transparent veils: courtesans, musicians, dancers, women twisting garlands, together with a few richly attired noble ladies.
[edit] See also
[edit] Gallery
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Mosaic excavated at Bishapur. Some mosaics were denuded during the Islamic period. This one is kept at The National Museum of Iran.
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Rock relief of Sasanian king Bahram II at Sarab-e Qandil (AKA Tang-e Qandil), vicinity of Bishapur]]
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The rock relief of Sasanian king Shapur II at Tang-e Showgan gorge, close to Bishapour, and known as Bishapour relief n°6 is unique when considering both its style and its imaging.
[edit] External links
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 Bishapur-Iran-03-27-2011 www.presstv.com In Fars province there is an ancient city called Bishapur. Due to its antiquity this city is home to many fascinating archeological sites and structures. In this episode of Iran, Faraneh Bahrami tells us more about this ancient city. |  Iran Susa to Bishapur 2001 |  Iran ايران Schiraz شیراز la route de Bishapur Shiraz the road to Bishapur |  Iran Bishapur Pasargadae 2001 |  FILMCARDS: Iran (Bishapur) L'applicazione Filmcards sull'IRAN per l'iPhone è su iTunes: itunes.apple.com Realizzata da GIGI OLIVIERO, in collaborazione con l'importante giornalista iraniano HAMID MASOUMI NEJAD, l'applicazione è l'unica guida completa del Paese esistente su App Store, ed offre la visita completa a famose città (Shiraz, Isfahan, Nain, Yazd ecc.), i grandi luoghi archeologici (Persepolis, Pasargade, Naqsh-e.Rostam ecc.), con centinaia di foto, 60' di filmati, le tradizioni e tutte le informazioni turistiche utili al viaggio. Sul sito www.filmcards.it potrete scoprire tutte le altre guide Filmcards già disponibili (Todi, Orvieto, Ischia, Capri, Roma Antica, Assisi, Uzbekistan, Palermo e un demo gratuito, Anteprime). |  Persian Empire - Cyrus The Great This is the preview of the documentary film "Iran, The Forgotten Glory", directed by makan karandish a journey to the heart of Iran's history in fars and ancient locations such as Pasargadae, Persepolis, Naghshe rostam, firuzabad, bishapur and darab, and exploring characters of Cyrus the great, Darius the great, Xerxes, Ardeshir, Shapur and Bahram, with commentary by iranian and american scholars. Comming soon from mystic films intl. in Farsi and English www.farsmovie.com |  Iran - German Documentary Eine Schatzkammer des antiken persischen Weltreiches ist der heutige Iran, der den Glanz vergangener Größe birgt. Persepolis ist einer der aufregenden Plätze, die die Videoreise durch die Wüsten des Iran vorstellt. Weiter zählen dazu Bishapur, die Grablege der Herrscher des Sasaniden-Reiches und die Felsenreliefs der Gräber von Naqsh-e Rostam. Legenden weben sich um die sagenhafte Stadt Isfahan mit ihren prächtigen Palästen und Moscheen um den Meidan-e Iman-Platz. Shiraz, die Stadt der Dichter Hafis und Saadi glänzt mit Gärten und der fantastischen Spiegelmoschee, dem Mausoleum von Shah Cheragh. Zarathustras Anhänger treffen sich noch heute am Feuer-Heiligtum Chaq-Chaq zu ihren tagelangen Ritualen. In alten Zeiten ein wichtiges Handels- und Kulturland sowie Bindeglied zwischen Asien und dem Abendland birgt der heutige Iran viele Schätze aus der großen Geschichte des alten Persien. A treasure trove of ancient Persian empire, is today's Iran, which holds the glamor of past greatness. Persepolis is one of the most exciting places, presenting the video journey through the deserts of Iran. Continue to include Bishapur, the grave lay the ruler of the Sassanid Empire and the rock reliefs of the tombs at Naqsh-e Rostam. Legends woven around the fabled city of Isfahan, with its magnificent palaces and mosques around the Meidan-e Imam Square. Shiraz, a city of poets Hafez and Saadi Gardens and boasts the fabulous mirror mosque, the mausoleum of Shah Cheragh. Zoroaster's followers ... |  Battle of Edessa [Persians VS Romans] If you enjoyed the video please rate/comment/subscribe thank you! MOD USED: Invasio Barbarorum The Battle of Edessa took place between the armies of the Roman Empire under the command of Emperor Valerian and Sassanid forces under Shahanshah (King of the Kings) Shapur I in 259. In this battle, the Sassanids crushed the entire Roman army, while suffering minimal losses. Prior to the battle, Shapur I had penetrated several times deeply into Roman territory conquering and plundering Antiochia in Syria in 253 or 256. In order to halt these advances and retaliate, Emperor Valerian gathered an army, which included the Roman Praetorian Guard, and marched eastward to the Sassanid borders. He succeeded initially and recaptured Syrian provinces. He then marched to Carrhae and Edessa where he met the main Persian army under command of the King Shapur I. After minor skirmishing with the Persian forces, the main battle commenced. Shapur I defeated and captured Emperor Valerian, along with many other high ranking officials, though not much is known about the battle itself. The outcome of the battle was an overwhelming Persian victory, with the entire 70000-strong Roman force being slain or captured. This compared starkly to the minimal number of Persian casualties. Some scholars claim Shapur sent Valerian and some of his army to the city of Bishapur, where they lived in relatively good condition. Shapur used the remaining soldiers in engineering and development plans. Band-e Kaisar ... |  Persia & Persian Art at the Louvre Persian art at the Louvre museum, Paris. There are art pieces from the Royal Place in Susa from the Achaemenids, the Persian empire founded by Cyrus the Great. King Darius the Great (522-486 BC), built one of his residences in Susa, where from these pieces are taken. Also art pieces from the Sassanid empire era, from Bishapur Near current Kazerun and other places in Iran. And at last Persian art from after Arabian invasions of Persia, or Persian Islamic art. Note: the first 2 slides in the show are Greek art pieces. Enjoy, Mahmood |  Palmyra (Tadmor تدمر in Syria) at sunset and sunrise Palmyra (Tadmor تدمر in Syria) at sunset and sunrise... Palmyra was in ancient times an important city of central Syria, located in an oasis 215 km northeast of Damascus and 120 km southwest of the Euphrates. It has long been a vital caravan city for travellers crossing the Syrian desert and was known as the Bride of the Desert. The earliest documented reference to the city by its pre-Semitic name Tadmor, Tadmur or Tudmur, is recorded in Babylonian tablets found in Mari. In the mid-first century, Palmyra, a wealthy and elegant city located along the caravan routes linking Persia with the Mediterranean ports of Roman Syria and Phoenicia, came under Roman control. During the following period of great prosperity, the Aramaean inhabitants of Palmyra adopted customs and modes of dress from both the Iranian Parthian world to the east and the Graeco-Roman west. Palmyra was made part of the Roman province of Syria during the reign of Tiberius. It steadily grew in importance as a trade route linking Persia, India, China, and the Roman empire. In 129, Hadrian visited the city and was so enthralled by it that he proclaimed it a free city and renamed it Palmyra Hadriana. Beginning in 212, Palmyra's trade diminished as the Sassanids occupied the mouth of the Tigris and the Euphrates. Septimius Odaenathus, a Prince of Palmyra, was appointed by Valerian as the governor of the province of Syria. After Valerian was captured by the Sassanids and died in captivity in Bishapur, Odaenathus ... |
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