Learn and talk about Beta1-adrenergic agonist, Beta-adrenergic agonists

Beta₁-adrenergic agonists, also known as Beta₁-adrenergic receptor agonists, are a class of drugs that bind selectively to the beta-1 adrenergic receptor. As a result, they act more selectively upon the heart.

Examples [edit]

Examples include denopamine,^[1]^[2] dobutamine, and xamoterol.

References [edit]

^ Sakuma T, Hida M, Nambu Y et al. (February 2001). "Beta1-adrenergic agonist is a potent stimulator of alveolar fluid clearance in hyperoxic rat lungs". Jpn. J. Pharmacol. 85 (2): 161–6. doi:10.1254/jjp.85.161. PMID 11286398.
^ Nishio R, Matsumori A, Shioi T et al. (September 1998). "Denopamine, a beta1-adrenergic agonist, prolongs survival in a murine model of congestive heart failure induced by viral myocarditis: suppression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha production in the heart". J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 32 (3): 808–15. doi:10.1016/S0735-1097(98)00314-3. PMID 9741531.

Neuromodulation

Types

♦ Enzyme: Inducer
Inhibitor

♦ Ion channel: Opener
Blocker

♦ Miscellaneous: Precursor
Cofactor

Classes

Enzyme

see Enzyme inhibition

Ion channel

Receptor &
transporter

BA/M

Adrenergic	Adrenergic receptor agonist (α β (1 2)) Adrenergic receptor antagonist (α (1 2), β) Adrenergic reuptake inhibitor (ARI)

Dopaminergic	Dopamine receptor agonist Dopamine receptor antagonist Dopamine reuptake inhibitor (DRI)

Histaminergic	Histamine receptor agonist Histamine receptor antagonist (H₁ H₂ H₃)

Serotonergic	Serotonin receptor agonist Serotonin Receptor Antagonist (5-HT₃) Serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SRI) Serotonin reuptake enhancer (SRE)

GABAergic	GABA receptor agonist GABA receptor antagonist GABA reuptake inhibitor (GRI)

Glutamatergic	Glutamate receptor agonist (AMPA) Glutamate receptor antagonist (NMDA)

Cholinergic

Endocannabinoid

Opioid

Other

Miscellaneous

Cofactor (see Enzyme cofactors)
Precursor (see Amino acids)

Adrenergics

Receptor ligands

α₁	Agonists: 5-FNE 6-FNE Amidephrine Anisodamine Anisodine Cirazoline Dipivefrine Dopamine Ephedrine Epinephrine Etilefrine Ethylnorepinephrine Indanidine Levonordefrin Metaraminol Methoxamine Methyldopa Midodrine Naphazoline Norepinephrine Octopamine Oxymetazoline Phenylephrine Phenylpropanolamine Pseudoephedrine Synephrine Tetrahydrozoline Antagonists: Abanoquil Adimolol Ajmalicine Alfuzosin Amosulalol Arotinolol Atiprosin Benoxathian Buflomedil Bunazosin Carvedilol CI-926 Corynanthine Dapiprazole DL-017 Domesticine Doxazosin Eugenodilol Fenspiride GYKI-12,743 GYKI-16,084 Indoramin Ketanserin L-765,314 Labetalol Mephendioxan Metazosin Monatepil Moxisylyte Naftopidil Nantenine Neldazosin Nicergoline Niguldipine Pelanserin Phendioxan Phenoxybenzamine Phentolamine Piperoxan Prazosin Quinazosin Ritanserin RS-97,078 SGB-1,534 Silodosin SL-89.0591 Spiperone Talipexole Tamsulosin Terazosin Tibalosin Tiodazosin Tipentosin Tolazoline Trimazosin Upidosin Urapidil Zolertine * Note that many TCAs, TeCAs, antipsychotics, ergolines, and some piperazines like buspirone and trazodone all antagonize α₁-adrenergic receptors as well, which contributes to their side effects such as orthostatic hypotension.

α₂	Agonists: (R)-3-Nitrobiphenyline 4-NEMD 6-FNE Amitraz Apraclonidine Brimonidine Cannabivarin Clonidine Detomidine Dexmedetomidine Dihydroergotamine Dipivefrine Dopamine Ephedrine Ergotamine Epinephrine Esproquin Etilefrine Ethylnorepinephrine Guanabenz Guanfacine Guanoxabenz Levonordefrin Lofexidine Medetomidine Methyldopa Mivazerol Naphazoline Norepinephrine Oxymetazoline Phenylpropanolamine Piperoxan Pseudoephedrine Rilmenidine Romifidine Talipexole Tetrahydrozoline Tizanidine Tolonidine Urapidil Xylazine Xylometazoline Antagonists: 1-PP Adimolol Aptazapine Atipamezole BRL-44408 Buflomedil Cirazoline Efaroxan Esmirtazapine Fenmetozole Fluparoxan GYKI-12,743 GYKI-16,084 Idazoxan Mianserin Mirtazapine MK-912 NAN-190 Olanzapine Phentolamine Phenoxybenzamine Piperoxan Piribedil Rauwolscine Rotigotine SB-269,970 Setiptiline Spiroxatrine Sunepitron Tolazoline Yohimbine * Note that many atypical antipsychotics and azapirones like buspirone (via metabolite 1-PP) antagonize α₂-adrenergic receptors as well.

β	Agonists: 2-FNE 5-FNE Amibegron Arbutamine Arformoterol Arotinolol BAAM Bambuterol Befunolol Bitolterol Broxaterol Buphenine Carbuterol Cimaterol Clenbuterol Denopamine Deterenol Dipivefrine Dobutamine Dopamine Dopexamine Ephedrine Epinephrine Etafedrine Etilefrine Ethylnorepinephrine Fenoterol Formoterol Hexoprenaline Higenamine Indacaterol Isoetarine Isoprenaline Isoxsuprine Levonordefrin Levosalbutamol Mabuterol Methoxyphenamine Methyldopa Mirabegron N-Isopropyloctopamine Norepinephrine Orciprenaline Oxyfedrine Phenylpropanolamine Pirbuterol Prenalterol Ractopamine Procaterol Pseudoephedrine Reproterol Rimiterol Ritodrine Salbutamol Salmeterol Solabegron Terbutaline Tretoquinol Tulobuterol Xamoterol Zilpaterol Zinterol Antagonists: Acebutolol Adaprolol Adimolol Afurolol Alprenolol Alprenoxime Amosulalol Ancarolol Arnolol Arotinolol Atenolol Befunolol Betaxolol Bevantolol Bisoprolol Bopindolol Bormetolol Bornaprolol Brefonalol Bucindolol Bucumolol Bufetolol Buftiralol Bufuralol Bunitrolol Bunolol Bupranolol Burocrolol Butaxamine Butidrine Butofilolol Capsinolol Carazolol Carpindolol Carteolol Carvedilol Celiprolol Cetamolol Cicloprolol Cinamolol Cloranolol Cyanopindolol Dalbraminol Dexpropranolol Diacetolol Dichloroisoprenaline Dihydroalprenolol Dilevalol Diprafenone Draquinolol Dropranolol Ecastolol Epanolol Ericolol Ersentilide Esatenolol Esmolol Esprolol Eugenodilol Exaprolol Falintolol Flestolol Flusoxolol Hydroxycarteolol Hydroxytertatolol ICI-118,551 Idropranolol Indenolol Indopanolol Iodocyanopindolol Iprocrolol Isoxaprolol Isamoltane Labetalol Landiolol Levobetaxolol Levobunolol Levocicloprolol Levomoprolol Medroxalol Mepindolol Metalol Metipranolol Metoprolol Moprolol Nadolol Nadoxolol Nafetolol Nebivolol Neraminol Nifenalol Nipradilol Oberadilol Oxprenolol Pacrinolol Pafenolol Pamatolol Pargolol Parodilol Penbutolol Penirolol PhQA-33 Pindolol Pirepolol Practolol Primidolol Procinolol Pronethalol Propafenone Propranolol Ridazolol Ronactolol Soquinolol Sotalol Spirendolol SR 59230A Sulfinalol TA-2005 Talinolol Tazolol Teoprolol Tertatolol Terthianolol Tienoxolol Tilisolol Timolol Tiprenolol Tolamolol Toliprolol Tribendilol Trigevolol Xibenolol Xipranolol

Reuptake inhibitors

NET	Selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors: Amedalin Atomoxetine (Tomoxetine) Ciclazindol Daledalin Edivoxetine Esreboxetine Lortalamine Mazindol Nisoxetine Reboxetine Talopram Talsupram Tandamine Viloxazine; Norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitors: Amineptine Bupropion (Amfebutamone) Fencamine Fencamfamine Lefetamine Levophacetoperane LR-5182 Manifaxine Methylphenidate Nomifensine O-2172 Radafaxine; Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors: Bicifadine Desvenlafaxine Duloxetine Eclanamine Levomilnacipran Milnacipran Sibutramine Venlafaxine; Serotonin-norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitors: Brasofensine Diclofensine DOV-102,677 DOV-21,947 DOV-216,303 JNJ-7925476 JZ-IV-10 Methylnaphthidate Naphyrone NS-2359 PRC200-SS SEP-225,289 SEP-227,162 Tesofensine; Tricyclic antidepressants: Amitriptyline Butriptyline Cianopramine Clomipramine Desipramine Dosulepin Doxepin Imipramine Lofepramine melitracen Nortriptyline Protriptyline Trimipramine; Tetracyclic antidepressants: Amoxapine Maprotiline Mianserin Oxaprotiline Setiptiline; Others: Cocaine CP-39,332 Ethanol EXP-561 Fezolamine Ginkgo biloba Indeloxazine Nefazodone Nefopam Pridefrine Tapentadol Tedatioxetine Teniloxazine Tofenacin Tramadol Ziprasidone

VMAT	Ibogaine Reserpine Tetrabenazine

Releasing agents

Morpholines: Fenbutrazate
Fenmetramide
Morazone
Phendimetrazine
Phenmetrazine
Pseudophenmetrazine; Oxazolines: 4-MAR
Aminorex
Clominorex
Cyclazodone
Fenozolone
Fluminorex
Pemoline
Thozalinone; Phenethylamines (also amphetamines, cathinones, etc): 2-OH-PEA
4-CAB
4-FA
4-FMA
4-MA
4-MMA
Alfetamine
Amfecloral
Amfepentorex
Amfepramone
Amphetamine (Dextroamphetamine
Levoamphetamine)
Amphetaminil
β-Me-PEA
BDB
Benzphetamine
BOH
Buphedrone
Butylone
Cathine
Cathinone
Clobenzorex
Clortermine
Dimethylamphetamine
Dimethylcathinone
DMA
DMMA
EBDB
Ephedrine
Ethcathinone
Ethylone
Etilamfetamine
Famprofazone
Fenethylline
Fenproporex
Flephedrone
Fludorex
Furfenorex
Hordenine
Hydroxyamphetamine
IAP
IMP
Iofetamine
Lisdexamfetamine
Lophophine
MBDB
MDA
MDEA
MDMA
MDMPEA
MDOH
MDPEA
Mefenorex
Mephedrone
Mephentermine
Methamphetamine (Dextromethamphetamine
Levomethamphetamine)
Methcathinone
Methedrone
Methylone
Naphthylisopropylamine
Ortetamine
pBA
pCA
Pentorex
Phenethylamine
Pholedrine
Phenpromethamine
Phentermine
Phenylpropanolamine
pIA
Prenylamine
Propylamphetamine
Pseudoephedrine
Selegiline (also D-Deprenyl)
Tiflorex
Tyramine
Xylopropamine
Zylofuramine; Piperazines: 2C-B-BZP
BZP
MBZP
mCPP
MDBZP
MeOPP
pFPP; Others: 2-ADN
2-AI
2-AT
2-BP
4-BP
5-IAI
Clofenciclan
Cyclopentamine
Cypenamine
Cyprodenate
Feprosidnine
Gilutensin
Heptaminol
Hexacyclonate
Indanorex
Isometheptene
Methylhexanamine
Octodrine
Phthalimidopropiophenone
Propylhexedrine (Levopropylhexedrine)
Tuaminoheptane

Enzyme inhibitors

Anabolism

PAH	3,4-Dihydroxystyrene

TH	3-Iodotyrosine Aquayamycin Bulbocapnine Metirosine Oudenone

AAAD	Benserazide Carbidopa DFMD Genistein Methyldopa

DBH	Bupicomide Disulfiram Dopastin Fusaric acid Nepicastat Phenopicolinic acid Tropolone

PNMT	CGS-19281A SKF-64139 SKF-7698

Catabolism

MAO	Nonselective: Benmoxin Caroxazone Echinopsidine Furazolidone Hydralazine Indantadol Iproclozide Iproniazid Isocarboxazid Isoniazid Linezolid Mebanazine Metfendrazine Nialamide Octamoxin Paraxazone Phenelzine Pheniprazine Phenoxypropazine Pivalylbenzhydrazine Procarbazine Safrazine Tranylcypromine; MAO-A selective: Amiflamine Bazinaprine Befloxatone Befol Brofaromine Cimoxatone Clorgiline Esuprone Harmala alkaloids (Harmine, Harmaline Tetrahydroharmine Harman Norharman, etc) Methylene blue Metralindole Minaprine Moclobemide Pirlindole Sercloremine Tetrindole Toloxatone Tyrima; MAO-B selective: Ladostigil Lazabemide Milacemide Mofegiline Pargyline Rasagiline Safinamide Selegiline (also D-Deprenyl) * Note that MAO-B inhibitors also influence norepinephrine/epinephrine levels since they inhibit the breakdown of their precursor dopamine.

COMT	Entacapone Nitecapone Tolcapone

Others

Precursors	L-Phenylalanine → L-Tyrosine → L-DOPA (Levodopa) → Dopamine L-DOPS (Droxidopa)

Cofactors	Ferrous Iron (Fe²⁺) S-Adenosyl-L-Methionine Vitamin B₃ (Niacin Nicotinamide → NADPH) Vitamin B₆ (Pyridoxine Pyridoxamine Pyridoxal → Pyridoxal Phosphate) Vitamin B₉ (Folic acid → Tetrahydrofolic acid) Vitamin C (Ascorbic acid) Zinc (Zn²⁺)

Others	Activity enhancers: BPAP PPAP; Release blockers: Bethanidine Bretylium Guanadrel Guanazodine Guanclofine Guanethidine Guanoxan; Toxins: 6-OHDA

List of adrenergic drugs

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Beta1-adrenergic agonist

Examples [edit]

References [edit]

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