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The Dutch fort of Arguin in 1721.

Plan of Arguim (1721).

Arguin (Portuguese: Arguim) is an island off the western coast of Mauritania in the Bay of Arguin, at 20° 36' N., 16° 27' W. It is six km long by two broad. Off the island are extensive and dangerous reefs. It is now part of The Banc d'Arguin National Park.

History [edit]

Arguin has long been coveted by seafaring nations for its strategic location, and control over the island has changed hands numerous times. The first European to visit the island was the Portuguese explorer Nuno Tristão in 1443. In 1445, Prince Henry the Navigator set up a trading post on the island, which acquired gum arabic and slaves for Portugal. By 1455, 800 slaves were shipped from Arguin to Portugal every year.

In 1633, during its war against Spain (which then controlled Portugal), the Netherlands seized control of Arguin. It remained under Dutch rule until 1678, although Dutch governance was interrupted by English rule in 1665. France briefly controlled the island in September 1678, but the island was then abandoned until 1685.

Arguin was a colony of Brandenburg-Prussia (until 1701 Electorate of Brandenburg, then Kingdom of Prussia), from 1685 to 1721. France then took control of the island, only to lose it again the following year to the Netherlands. France regained it in 1724. This period of French rule lasted four years, because, in 1728, it reverted to the control of Mauritanian tribal chiefs. The island became a French possession once more during the early twentieth century, as part of the French colony, Mauritania, and it remained under Mauritanian rule when that country became independent in 1960.

Sources [edit]

Portuguese Overseas Empire

North Africa

15th century
1415–1640 Ceuta
1458–1550 Alcácer Ceguer (El Qsar es Seghir)
1471–1550 Arzila (Asilah)
1471–1662 Tangier
1485–1550 Mazagan (El Jadida)
1487– middle 16th century Ouadane
1488–1541 Safim (Safi)
1489 Graciosa

16th century
1505–1541 Santa Cruz do Cabo
de Gué (Agadir)
1506–1525 Mogador (Essaouira)
1506–1525 Aguz (Souira Guedima)
1506–1769 Mazagan (El Jadida)
1513–1541 Azamor (Azemmour)
1515 São João da Mamora (Mehdya)
1577–1589 Arzila (Asilah)

Sub-Saharan Africa

15th century
1455–1633 Anguim
1462–1975 Cape Verde
1470–1975 São Tomé¹
1471–1975 Príncipe¹
1474–1778 Annobón
1478–1778 Fernando Poo (Bioko)
1482–1637 Elmina (São Jorge
da Mina)
1482–1642 Portuguese Gold Coast
1508–1547 (1600) Madagascar²
1498–1540 Mascarene Islands

16th century
1500–1630 Malindi
1501–1975 Portuguese Mozambique
1502–1659 Saint Helena
1503–1698 Zanzibar
1505–1512 Quíloa (Kilwa)
1506–1511 Socotra
1557–1578 Accra
1575–1975 Portuguese Angola
1588–1974 Cacheu³
1593–1698 Mombassa (Mombasa)

17th century
1645–1888 Ziguinchor
1680–1961 São João Baptista de Ajudá
1687–1974 Bissau³

18th century
1728–1729 Mombassa (Mombasa)
1753–1975 Portuguese São Tomé and Príncipe

19th century
1879–1974 Portuguese Guinea
1885–1975 Portuguese Congo

¹ Part of São Tomé and Príncipe from 1753. ² A Factory (Anosy region) and small temporary coastal bases. ³ Part of Portuguese Guinea from 1879.

Southwest Asia

16th century
1506–1615 Gamru (Bandar-Abbas)
1507–1643 Sohar
1515–1622 Hormuz (Ormus)
1515–1648 Quriyat
1515–? Qalhat
1515–1650 Muscat
1515?–? Barka
1515–1633? Julfar (Ras al-Khaimah)
1521–1602 Bahrain (Muharraq and Manama)
1521–1529? Qatif
1521?–1551? Tarut Island
1550–1551 Qatif
1588–1648 Matrah

17th century
1620–? Khor Fakkan
1621?–? As Sib
1621–1622 Qeshm
1623–? Khasab
1623–? Libedia
1624–? Kalba
1624–? Madha
1624–1648 Dibba Al-Hisn
1624?–? Bandar-e Kong

Indian subcontinent

15th century
1498–1545 Laccadive Islands
(Lakshadweep)
16th century
Portuguese India
· 1500–1663 Cochim (Kochi)
· 1501–1663 Cannanore (Kannur)
· 1502–1658, 1659–1661 Quilon (Coulão/Kollam)
· 1502–1661 Pallipuram (Cochin de Cima)
· 1507–1657 Negapatam (Nagapatnam)
· 1510–1961 Goa
· 1512–1525, 1750 Calicut (Kozhikode)
· 1518–1619 Portuguese Paliacate trading outpost (Pulicat)
· 1521–1740 Chaul

· 1523–1662 Mylapore
· 1528–1666 Chittagong (Porto Grande De Bengala)
· 1531–1571 Chaul
· 1531–1571 Chalé
· 1534–1601 Salsette Island
· 1534–1661 Bombay (Mumbai)
· 1535 Ponnani
· 1535–1739 Baçaím (Vasai-Virar)
· 1536–1662 Cranganore (Kodungallur)
· 1540–1612 Surat
· 1548–1658 Tuticorin (Thoothukudi)
16th century (continued)
Portuguese India (continued)
· 1559–1961 Daman and Diu

· 1568–1659 Mangalore
· 1579–1632 Hugli
· 1598–1610 Masulipatnam (Machilipatnam)
1518–1521 Maldives
1518–1658 Portuguese Ceylon (Sri Lanka)
1558–1573 Maldives
17th century
Portuguese India
· 1687–1749 Mylapore
18th century
Portuguese India
· 1779–1954 Dadra and Nagar Haveli

East Asia and Oceania

16th century
1511–1641 Portuguese Malacca
1512–1621 Maluku
· 1522–1575 Ternate
· 1576–1605 Ambon
· 1578–1650 Tidore
1512–1665 Makassar
1537–1999 Macau
1571–1639 Decima (Dejima, Nagasaki)

17th century
1642–1975 Portuguese Timor (East Timor)¹
19th century
Portuguese Macau
· 1864–1999 Coloane
· 1849–1999 Portas do Cerco
· 1851–1999 Taipa
· 1890–1999 Ilha Verde
20th century
Portuguese Macau
· 1938–1941 Lapa and Montanha (Hengqin)

¹ 1975 is the year of East Timor's Declaration of Independence and subsequent invasion by Indonesia. In 2002, East Timor's independence was recognized by Portugal & the world.

North America and the North Atlantic Ocean

15th century
1420 Madeira
1432 Azores

16th century
1500–1579? Terra Nova (Newfoundland)
1500–1579? Labrador
1516–1579? Nova Scotia

Central and South America

16th century
1500–1822 Brazil
· 1534–1549 Captaincy Colonies of Brazil
· 1549–1572 Brazil
· 1572–1578 Bahia
· 1572–1578 Rio de Janeiro
· 1578–1607 Brazil
1536–1620 Barbados

17th century
1621–1751 Maranhão
1680–1777 Nova Colónia do Sacramento
18th century
1751–1772 Grão-Pará and Maranhão
1772–1775 Grão-Pará and Rio Negro
1772–1775 Maranhão and Piauí

19th century
1808–1822 Cisplatina (Uruguay)
1809–1817 Portuguese Guiana
1822 Upper Peru (Bolivia)

v t e Territories and provinces of Prussia (1525–1947)

Before 1701	Duchy of Prussia Margraviate of Brandenburg Cleves / Mark / Ravensberg (1614) Farther Pomerania / Minden / Halberstadt (1648) Lauenburg–Bütow / Draheim (1657) Magdeburg (1680) Colonies Gold Coast Arguin St. Thomas

After 1701	Neuchâtel (1707) Guelders (1713) Minden-Ravensberg (1719) Western Pomerania (1720 / 1815) Silesia / Glatz (1742) East Frisia (1744) East / West Prussia (1772–73) South Prussia (1793) New East Prussia / New Silesia (1795)

Post-Congress of Vienna (1814–1815)	Brandenburg Principality of Neuchâtel (1814–1848) Pomerania Grand Duchy of Posen¹ Saxony Silesia Westphalia Rhine Province² (1822) Province of Prussia (1824–1878) Hohenzollern (1850) Schleswig-Holstein / Hanover / Hesse-Nassau (1866–68)

Territorial reforms after 1918	Lower / Upper Silesia (1919) Greater Berlin (1920) Posen-West Prussia (1922) Halle-Merseburg / Magdeburg / Kurhessen / Nassau (1944)

¹ Became Province of Posen in 1848. ² From the Lower Rhine and Jülich-Cleves-Berg.

Dutch Empire

Colonies and trading posts of the Dutch East India Company (1602–1798)

Governorate General	Batavia

Governorates	Ambon Banda Islands Cape Colony Ceylon Coromandel Formosa Northeast coast of Java Celebes Malacca Moluccas

Directorates	Bengal Persia Suratte

Commandments	Bantam Malabar West coast of Sumatra

Residencies	Banjarmasin Cheribon Palembang Pontianak

Opperhoofd settlements	Burma Canton Dejima Mauritius Siam Timor Tonkin

Colonies and trading posts of the Dutch West India Company (1621–1792)

Colonies in the Americas	Berbice ¹ Cayenne Curaçao and Dependencies Demerara Essequibo Brazil New Netherland Pomeroon Sint Eustatius and Dependencies Surinam ² Tobago Virgin Islands

Trading posts in Africa	Arguin Gold Coast Loango-Angola Senegambia Slave Coast

¹ Governed by the Society of Berbice ² Governed by the Society of Suriname

Settlements of the Noordsche Compagnie (1614–1642)

Settlements	Smeerenburg Jan Mayen

Colonies of the Kingdom of the Netherlands (1815–1962)

Until 1825	Bengal Coromandel Malacca

Until 1853	Dejima

Until 1872	Gold Coast

Until 1945	Dutch East Indies

Until 1954	Curaçao and Dependencies ³ Surinam ³

Until 1962	New Guinea

³ Became constituent countries of the Kingdom of the Netherlands; Suriname gained full independence in 1975, Curaçao and Dependencies was renamed to the Netherlands Antilles, which was eventually dissolved in 2010.

Kingdom of the Netherlands (1954–present)

Constituent countries	Aruba Curaçao Netherlands Sint Maarten

Public bodies of the Netherlands	Bonaire Saba Sint Eustatius

French overseas empire

Former

v t e Former French colonies in Africa and the Indian Ocean

Maghreb	Algeria Morocco Arguin Island Tunisia

French West Africa	Côte d'Ivoire Dahomey French Sudan Guinea Mauritania Niger Senegal Upper Volta

	French Togoland James Island Albreda

French Equatorial Africa	Chad Gabon Middle Congo Ubangi-Shari French Cameroons

French Comoros	Anjouan Grande Comore Mohéli

	French Somaliland (Djibouti) Madagascar Isle de France

v t e Former French colonies in the Americas

New France 1655–1763 Acadia Louisiana Canada Terre Neuve

Inini Berbice Saint-Domingue Haiti Tobago Virgin Islands France Antarctique Equinoctial France

French West India Company

v t e Former French colonies in Asia and Oceania

French India	Chandernagor Coromandel Coast Madras Mahé Pondichéry Karaikal Yanaon

Indochinese Union	Cambodia Laos Vietnam Annam Cochinchina Tonkin Kouang-Tchéou-Wan, China

French Mandate for Syria and the Lebanon	State of Syria Aleppo Damascus Alawite State Greater Lebanon Jabal al-Druze Sanjak of Alexandretta

Oceania	New Hebrides Vanuatu

France–Asia relations French East India Company

Present

Overseas departments and territories of France

Inhabited areas

Overseas departments¹	French Guiana Guadeloupe Martinique Réunion Mayotte²

Overseas collectivities	French Polynesia St. Barthélemy St. Martin St. Pierre and Miquelon Wallis and Futuna

Special status	New Caledonia

Uninhabited areas

Pacific Ocean

Clipperton Island

French Southern and
Antarctic Lands

Île Amsterdam Île Saint-Paul Crozet Islands Kerguelen Islands Adélie Land

Scattered islands in the Indian Ocean	Banc du Geyser^2, 3 Bassas da India⁴ Europa Island⁴ Glorioso Islands^3, 4 Juan de Nova Island³ Tromelin Island⁵

¹ Also known as overseas regions
² Claimed by Comoros
³ Claimed by Madagascar
⁴ Claimed by Seychelles
⁵ Claimed by Mauritius

Coordinates: 20°36′N 16°27′W / 20.600°N 16.450°W / 20.600; -16.450

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Arguin

History [edit]

Sources [edit]

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