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Look up apostle in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. |
An apostle, from Classical Greek ἀπόστολος (apóstolos), meaning "one who is sent away",[1] is a messenger and ambassador. The purpose of such "sending away" is to convey messages, and thus "messenger" is a common alternative translation.[1]
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Terminology[edit]
The term "apostle" is derived from Classical Greek ἀπόστολος (apóstolos), meaning "one who is sent away", from στέλλω ("stello", "send") + από (apo, "away from").[1] The literal meaning in English is therefore an "emissary", from the Latin mitto ("send") and ex ("from").
The word "apostle" has two meanings, the broader meaning of a messenger and the narrow meaning of an early Christian apostle directly linked to Jesus. The more general meaning of the word is translated into Latin as 'missio', and from this word we get 'missionary.'
According to Walter Bauer's Greek-English Lexicon of the NT "…Judaism had an office known as apostle (שליח)". The Friberg Greek Lexicon gives a broad definition as one who is sent on a mission, a commissioned representative of a congregation, a messenger for God, a person who has the special task of founding and establishing churches. The UBS Greek Dictionary also describes an apostle broadly as a messenger. The Louw-Nida Lexicon gives a very narrow definition of a special messenger, generally restricted to the immediate followers of Jesus, or extended to some others like Paul or other early Christians active in proclaiming the gospel.
Bahá'í Faith[edit]
The Apostles of Bahá'u'lláh were nineteen eminent early followers of Bahá'u'lláh, the founder of the Bahá'í Faith. The apostles were designated as such by Shoghi Effendi, the Guardian of the Bahá'í Faith, and the list was included in The Bahá'í World, Vol. III (pp. 80–81).
These individuals played a vital role in the development of Bahá'u'lláh's Faith, consolidating its adherents and bringing its teachings around the world. To Bahá'ís, they filled a similar role as the sons of Jacob, the apostles of Jesus, Muhammad's companions, or the Báb's Letters of the Living.
Christianity[edit]
Before their sending away the Twelve had been mere disciples, from Latin discipulus, one who learns, from disco, to learn.[2] This event was for them thus a form of graduation, when they stepped up from being students to teachers.[citation needed] Jesus is stated in the Bible to have had twelve apostles who by the Great Commission spread the message of the Gospel to all nations after his resurrection. There is also an orthodox tradition derived from the Gospel of Luke of Seventy Apostles.
Latter Day Saint movement[edit]
In the Latter Day Saint movement, an Apostle is a "special witness of the name of Jesus Christ who is sent to teach the principles of salvation to others."[3] In many Latter Day Saint churches, an Apostle is a priesthood office of high authority within the church hierarchy. In many churches, apostles may be members of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles of the church. In most Latter Day Saint churches, modern-day apostles are considered to have the same status and authority as the Biblical Apostles.
In the Latter Day Saint tradition, Apostles and prophets are believed to be the foundation of the church, with Jesus Christ himself the chief cornerstone.[4] The Articles of Faith, written by Joseph Smith, Jr., also mentions Apostles: "We believe in the same organization that existed in the Primitive Church, namely, apostles, prophets, pastors, teachers, evangelists, and so forth."[5]
Islam[edit]
In Islam, an apostle or messenger (Arabic: رسول rasūl, is a prophet sent by God. According to the Qur'an, God has sent many prophets to mankind. The five universally acknowledged messengers in Islam are Ibrahim, Mūsa, Dāwūd, Jesus and Muhammad,[6] as each is believed to have been sent with a scripture.[7] Muslim tradition also maintains that Adam received scrolls as did some of the other patriarchs of the Generations of Adam.[8] The term apostle or messenger is also applied to prophets sent to preach to specific areas; the Qur'an mentions Yunus,[9] Elijah,[10] Ismail,[11] Shuaib[12] and other prophets as being messengers as well.
Sahabah refers to the companions, disciples, scribes and family of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. Later scholars accepted their testimony of the words and deeds of Muhammad, the occasions on which the Qur'an was revealed and various important matters of Islamic history and practice. The testimony of the companions, as it was passed down through chains of trusted narrators (isnads), was the basis of the developing Islamic tradition. From the traditions (hadith) of the life of Muhammad and his companions are drawn the Muslim way of life (sunnah), the code of conduct (sharia) it requires and the jurisprudence (fiqh) by which Muslim communities should be regulated.
See also[edit]
- Apostol (disambiguation), first and family name
- Apostolic (disambiguation)
- Chief Apostle, highest minister in the New Apostolic Church
- Letters of the Living, the first eighteen disciples of the Bábí religion.
- Seventy disciples, also known as the "Seventy Apostles" by the Orthodox Church
- Twelve Apostles (disambiguation)
References[edit]
- ^ a b c Liddell & Scott's Greek-English Lexicon, Oxford, 1944
- ^ Cassell's Latin Dictionary, Revised by Marchant & Charles
- ^ McConkie, Bruce R. (1979). Mormon Doctrine. Deseret Book. p. 46. ISBN 0-88494-062-4.
- ^ Ephesians 2:20
- ^ The Articles of Faith 1:6
- ^ Concise Enyclopedia of Islam, C. Glasse, Messenger
- ^ Muslims believe Ibrahim received the Scrolls of Abraham, Musa received the Torah, David in Islam received the Psalms, Jesus the Gospel in Islam and Muhammad received the Qur'an
- ^ A-Z of Prophets in Islam and Judaism, B.M. Wheeler, Apostle
- ^ Quran 37:139
- ^ Quran 37:123
- ^ Quran 19:54
- ^ Quran 7:85
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